Ch 14 vocab

Question 0

A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute in this context means “new” or “happening right now”

Answer 0

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

Question 1

A term used to describe a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction

Answer 1

Acute coronary syndrome

Question 2

Transient (short-lived) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to heart muscle

Answer 2

Angina pectoris

Question 3

The front surface of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position.

Answer 3

Anterior

Question 4

The main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body.

Answer 4

Aorta

Question 5

A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture.

Answer 5

Aortic aneurysm

Question 6

The one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta; one of four heart valves.

Answer 6

Aortic valve

Question 7

An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm.

Answer 7

Arrhythmia

Question 8

The complete absence of heart electrical activity.

Answer 8

Asystole

Question 9

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

Answer 9

Atherosclerosis

Question 10

One of two (right and left) upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle.

Answer 10

Atrium

Question 11

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contact without stimulation from the nervous system.

Answer 11

Automaticity

Question 12

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.

Answer 12

Autonomic nervous system

Question 13

A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min.

Answer 13

Bradycardia

Question 14

A state in which the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscular and electrical activity continues in the heart.

Answer 14

Cardiac arrest

Question 15

A state in which not oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.

Answer 15

Cardiogenic shock

Question 16

A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.

Answer 16

Cardiac output

Question 17

A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs.

Answer 17

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 18

The blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle.

Answer 18

Coronary arteries

Question 19

To shock a fibrillating (chaotically beating) heart with specialized electrical current in an attempt to restore a normal, rhythmic beat.

Answer 19

Defibrillate

Question 20

Swelling in the parts of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure

Answer 20

Dependent edema

Question 21

Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery

Answer 21

Dilation

Question 22

A condition in which the inner layers of an artery, such as the aorta, become separated, allowing blood (at high pressures) to flow between the layers

Answer 22

Dissecting aneurysm

Question 23

An emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke or aneurysm

Answer 23

Hypertension emergency

Question 24

Death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its blood supply

Answer 24

Infarction

Question 25

The part of the body or any body part nearer to the feet

Answer 25

Inferior

Question 26

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred

Answer 26

Ischemia

Question 27

The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure

Answer 27

Lumen

Question 28

The heart muscle

Answer 28

Myocardium

Question 29

A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel

Answer 29

Occlusion

Question 30

The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls vegetative functions such as digestion of food and relaxation

Answer 30

Parasympathatic nervous system

Question 31

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

Answer 31

Perfusion

Question 32

The back surface of the body; the side away from you in the standard anatomic position

Answer 32

Posterior

Question 33

The volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction

Answer 33

Stroke volume

Question 34

The part of the body or any body part nearer to the head

Answer 34

Superior

Question 35

The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls active functions such as responding to fear (also known as the flight-or-fight system)

Answer 35

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 36

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness

Answer 36

Syncope

Question 37

A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats/min

Answer 37

Tachycardia

Question 38

A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the bloodstream

Answer 38

Thromboembolism

Question 39

One of two (right and left) lower chambers of the heart. The left ventricle recieves blood from the left atrium (upper chamber) and delivers blood to the aorta. The right ventricle recieves blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery

Answer 39

Ventricle

Question 40

Disorganized, ineffective twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest

Answer 40

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 41

A rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atrium), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest

Answer 41

Ventricular tachycardia