ch 15 Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
what do each side of the heart act as
A
independent pump
2
Q
right heart receives
A
deoxygenated blood
3
Q
pulmonary circuit
A
blood pumping from left to right side gathering oxygen
4
Q
pressure reservoir
A
elastic systemic arteries
5
Q
left ventricle
A
pushes blood into body
6
Q
60% of blood
A
resides in venous side of circ
7
Q
arterioles are designated with
A
screws
8
Q
metarterioles are responsible for
A
variable resistance
9
Q
capillaries only have
A
endothelium
10
Q
smooth muscle
A
vasoconstriction/dilation
11
Q
arteries/ arterioles
A
carry blood away
12
Q
what are arteries made of
A
fibrous and elastic connective tissue
13
Q
diff between arterioles and arteries (think about responsibility
A
less elastic more musclular for controlling variable resistance
14
Q
metarterioles
A
partial smooth muscle layer
15
Q
capillaries
A
primary site of exhcange
16
Q
what is the exchange between
A
plama and interstitial fluid
17
Q
pericytes
A
contractile cells associated with capillaries
18
Q
what do pericytes contribue to
A
capillary impermeability
19
Q
what do pericyte secrete
A
paracrine factors for vasular growth and differentiation
20
Q
venule
A
convergent pattern of flow, little connective tissue
21
Q
veins
A
volume reservoir
22
Q
veins are
A
more numerous that arteries
23
Q
what can help with contraction in veins
A
skeletal muscle
24
Q
blood pressure is highest in
A
arteries
25
Heart is
main generator of mechanical force
26
Pulse pressure
pressure wave produced by contraction of ventricular muscle, left ventricular muscle
27
pulse pressure decreases
because of friction
28
venous return
helped by valves, action of legs (kinda), skeletal muscle, respiratory pump
29
MAP
diastolic pressure + ⅓ (pulse pressure)
30
Hypotension
lower than normal MAP
31
BP measured by
sphygmomanometer
32
Flow
proportional to pressure gradient
33
capillaries have
the slowest velocity
34
kidney is responsible for
removing excess fluid volume
35
if bv decreases
pressure decreases
36
MAP is determined by
blood volume
CO
Resistance
dist of blood
37
drink more water
more urine
38
cardiovascular comp
decreasing CO or Vasodilation
39
kindey comp to inc pressure
ANP, lowering blood volume
40
myogenic auto regulation
vascular smooth muscle regulates its own state of contraction
41
what is secreted by vascular epithellium
paracrine signals
42
important paracrine signals
nitric oxide, histamine
43
hyperemia
locally mediated increase in blood flow
44
why does hyperemia a thing
to get nutrients to and wastes away from tissue
45
active hyperemia
increase in blood flow towards cells and tissues that are more metabolically active
46
reactive hyperemia
Response to some kind of occlusion/block in blood flow
47
Sympathetic Branch
Controls Most Vascular Smooth Muscle
48
ANP
signaling molecule produced by atria of heart
49
Angiotensin II
from angiotensinogen precursor, in liver
50
Most systemic arterioles
sympathetic innervation
51
arteriolar tone
Norepinephrine
52
53
what do norepinephrine need to bind to to lead to vasoconstriction
alpha adrenergic receptors
54
what do norepinephrine need to bind to to lead to vasodilation
beta adrenergic receptors
55
Adrenal medulla
releasing epinephrine into blood
56
norepinephrine
neurons
57
epinephrine
from blood supply
58
flow is reliant on
pressure gradient and resistance
59
pressure gradient
Mean arterial pressure - right atrial pressure
60
blood dist varies based on
metabolic need of tissue
61
how is circulation arranged
parallel circuit
62
Cerebral blood flow
14% total body circulation
63
CVCC
cardiovascular control center
64
Baroreceptor reflex
controls BP
65
what dies baroreceptor look for
stretch in vessels
66
If blood vessels are stretching a lot
there is more blood flowing through the blood vessel
67
Orthostatic hypotension
Drop in BP due to change in position, triggers baroreceptor reflex
68
when are you susceptible to orthostatic hypotension
But when you wake up jump off bed brush teeth
69
vasovagal syncope
triggered fainting from a neural stimulation
70
vasoconstriction
norepinephrine , serotonin, endothelin, vasopressin, angiotensin II
71
vasodilation
Epinenephrine, acetylcholine, nitrous oxide , bradykinin, adenosine, histamine, ANP, vasoactive intestinal peptide
72
increase in MAP
actiivates baroreceptor reflex which increases
73
what is activated by low O2
chemoreceptors
74
adaptive integration
respiratory and cardiovascular systems
75
Not just baroreceptors, but also emotional responses
can cause drop in blood pressure
76
Blood pressure
closely tied to body fluid balance
77
2 types of capillaries
continuous, fenestrated
78
what is metabolic activity of cells
capillary density
79
which blood vessel has the thinnest walls
capillaries
80
what are the walls of capillaries
single layer of flattened endothelial cells
81
sinusoids
modified capillary vessel
82
where are sinusoids
bone marrow, liver and spleen
83
continuous capillaries
more tightly sealed, inm the blood brain barrier
84
fenestrated capillaries
more leaky capillaries,have more pores so larger scale
85
most capillary exchange occurs through
diffusion and transcytosis
86
exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid
paracellular pathway and endothelial transport
87
Capillary Filtration and Absorption
bulk flow
88
Filtration
movement of fluid from capillaries into interstitial fluid (hydrostatic > osmotic)
89
Absorption
always fluid into the capillaries(osmotic>hydrostatic)
90
net pressure
Ph - pi
91
Net filtration at arterial end
capillary hydrostatic pressure is greater than colloid osmotic pressure
92
Net absorption at venous end
capillary hydrostatic pressure is lower than colloid osmotic pressure
93
lymphatic system
System of lymph vessels, network of lymph vessels
94
3 systems involved in lymphatic system
circulatory, immune, digestive
95
edema
accumulation of fluid in interstitial space
96
CVD
Increased circulating levels of cholesterol and triglycerides
97
heart failure
leads to pulmonary edema
98
diastolic HF
heart has trouble pulling blood
99
diastolic dysfunction
Wall of ventricle has reduced compliance, meaning it is able to stretch less
If not able to stretch well, that can result in reduced filling during diastole, meaning EDV would be lower
100
systolic hf
Can result from heart attack, could be because of reduction in contractility; due to some scar tissue being produced in heart muscle it is not able to produce enough force, so it is not able to produce enough force, not able to pump out the stroke volume
101
what leads to pulmonary edema
mismatch of pumping b/w right ventricle and left ventricle
102
If baroreceptor reflex works normally
CVCC should lead to reduction in cardiac output or dilation of arterioles
103
hypertension
chronically elevated blood pressure meaning that homeostatic feedback loop has failed
104
High BP risk factor
atherosclerosis
105
Ca 2+ channel blocker treats hypertension
Gonna slow down contraction of cardiac muscle, reduce heart work
106
diuretics
Reduces volume of blood by excreting it as urine thru kidneys
107
beta blockers
block beta adrenergic receptors causing lower bp
108
ACE inhibitor
blocks increase in blood pressure from the ras pathway
