ch 3

Question 1

major body cavities

Answer 1

cranial
thoracic
abdominopelvic

Question 2

fluid filled compartments

Answer 2

circulatory system
eyes
cerebrospinal fluid
pleural and pericardial sacs

Question 3

three fluid compartments

Answer 3

plasma
interstitial fluid
intracellular fluid

Question 4

four cell membrane functions

Answer 4

physical isolation
regulation of exchange with the environment
communication btw cell and environment
structural support

Question 5

fluid mosiac model

Answer 5

see diagram

Question 6

organization of typical animal cell

Answer 6

see diagram

Question 7

cytosol

Answer 7

fluid portion of cytoplasm

Question 8

inclusions

Answer 8

lipid droplets
glycogen granules
ribosomes

Question 9

protein fibers

Answer 9

cytoskeleton
centrioles
cilia
flagella

Question 10

organelles

Answer 10

mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi
lysosomes
peroxisomes

Question 11

microfilaments

Answer 11

actin fibers

Question 12

intermediate filaments

Answer 12

keratin
neurofilaments

Question 13

microtubules

Answer 13

tubulin

Question 14

actin

Answer 14

associates with myosin for muscle contraction

Question 15

keratin

Answer 15

hair and nails, protective barrier of skin

Question 16

tubulin

Answer 16

movement of cilia, flagella , and chromosomes, intracellular transport of organelles, cytoskeleton

Question 17

five major functions of cytoskeleton

Answer 17

cell shape
internal organization
intracellular transport
assembly of cells into tissues
movement

Question 18

why must protein assembly happen in seperate compartments?

Answer 18

must protect DNA so assembly of proteins has to happen outside of nucleus

Question 19

extracellular matrix structures

Answer 19

synthesized and secreted by cells, composed of proteoglycans, insoluble protein fibers

Question 20

7 main categories of connective tissue

Answer 20

loose connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
dense regular connective tissue
adipose
blood
cartilage
bone

Question 21

pluripotent

Answer 21

cells can become anything except go back from placental

Question 22

totipotent

Answer 22

cells can become ANYTHING

Question 23

multipotent

Answer 23

cells can pursue multiple routes but not all

Question 24

hollow organs

Answer 24

heart, lungs, blood vessels, intestines

Question 25

lumen

Answer 25

interior of any hollow organ

Question 26

extracellular fluid

Answer 26

plasma, interstitial fluid

Question 27

intracellular fluid

Answer 27

just intracellular fluid

Question 28

lipids

Answer 28

phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol

Question 29

Phospholipid structures in aqueous (solvent = water) solutions

Answer 29

Bilayer, micelle, liposome

Question 30

what are lipid rafts made of

Answer 30

sphingolipids and lipid anchored proteins

Question 31

differentiation

Answer 31

selected genes are active to lead to specialized cell

Question 32

centrosome

Answer 32

assembles tubulin monomers into microtubules

Question 33

centrioles

Answer 33

direct DNA movement in cell division

Question 34

cilia

Answer 34

fluid movement across cells

Question 35

flagella

Answer 35

cell movement through fluid

Question 36

myosins

Answer 36

muscle contraction

Question 37

dyneins

Answer 37

movement of cilia and flagella

Question 38

kinesins AND dyneins

Answer 38

movement of vesicles along microtubules

Question 39

lysosomes

Answer 39

break down bacteria and old organelles

Question 40

peroxisomes

Answer 40

break down fatty acids and toxic materials

Question 41

golgi apparatus

Answer 41

sorts, modifies, and packages proteins into vesicles

Question 42

rough ER

Answer 42

synthesis of proteins

Question 43

smooth ER

Answer 43

synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, lipids

Question 44

nuclear envelope

Answer 44

two membranes with pores

Question 45

chromatin

Answer 45

DNA and associated proteins

Question 46

nucleoli

Answer 46

control synthesis of rRNA

Question 47

histology

Answer 47

study of tissue structure and function

Question 48

extracellular matrix

Answer 48

synthesized and secrete by cells composition varies from tissue to tissue

Question 49

proteoglycans

Answer 49

glycoproteins

Question 50

insoluble protein fibers

Answer 50

collagen, fibronectin, laminin

Question 51

cell adhesion molecules

Answer 51

membrane spanning proteins

Question 52

gap junctions

Answer 52

communicating junctions

Question 53

tight junctions

Answer 53

occluding junctions anchoring junctions

Question 54

cell matrix with integrins

Answer 54

hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions

Question 55

cell-cell

Answer 55

with cadherens

Question 56

exchange epithelium

Answer 56

very thin, flattened cells that allow gas exchange

Question 57

what do exchange epithelium line

Answer 57

blood vessels and lungs

Question 58

what are exchange epithelium classified as

Answer 58

simple squamous epithelium

Question 59

what is exchange epithelium call in the heart and blood vessels

Answer 59

endothelium

Question 60

transporting epithelium

Answer 60

cell shape-- cuboidal columnar, many mitochondria, can be regulated to respond to stimuli

Question 61

basolateral membrane

Answer 61

faces ECM

Question 62

cilia

Answer 62

move fluid and particles in respiratory system and female reproductive tract

Question 63

protective epithelia

Answer 63

prevent exchange

Question 64

what do protective epithelia protect

Answer 64

areas subject to mechanical and chemical stress

Question 65

exo:endo function of pancreas

Answer 65

98:2

Question 66

secretory epithelia

Answer 66

produce and secrete a substance into the extracellular space

Question 67

exocrine glands

Answer 67

release products into external environment

Question 68

goblet cells

Answer 68

single exocrine cells that produce mucus

Question 69

endocrine glands

Answer 69

release hormones into extracellular compartments