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bio201 > ch 19 > Flashcards

ch 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

sixth function of kidneys

A

Production of hormones: Name the hormones

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2
Q

Function 2 of kidneys

A

Regulation of osmolarity

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2
Q

urinary system

A

kidney and accessory structures

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3
Q

paired kidneys

A

modify and filter plasma into urine

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4
Q

paired ureters

A

pass urine from kidney to urinary bladder

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5
Q

urinary bladder

A

stores urine until micturition

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6
Q

Function 5

A

Excretion of wastes

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7
Q

Function 4

A

Homeostatic regulation of pH

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8
Q

Function 3

A

Maintenance of ion balance

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9
Q

function 1 of kidneys

A

Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure

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10
Q

path of water droplet

A

bowmans capsule-> proximal convoluted tubule->descending loop of hence->thin ascending-> thick ascending-> distal convoluted -> collecting tube-> renal pelvis-> ureter-> bladder-> urethra

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11
Q

path of blood droplet

A

renal artery->afferent arteriole-> glomerulus->efferent arteriole-> vasa recta-> renal vein

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12
Q

vascular and tubular elements of nephron

A

see power point

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13
Q

3 processes of nephron

A

reabsorption, secretion, filtration

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14
Q

when is filtrate most concentrated

A

loop of henle

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15
Q

filtration fraction

A

% renal flow that filters into the tubule

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16
Q

renal corpuscle contains

A

barriers for filtration

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17
Q

where does filtration occur

A

renal corpuscle

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18
Q

what does the GCE contain for optimal absorption

A

fenestrated capillaries
glycocalyx

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19
Q

glomerular capillary endothelium

A

GCE

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20
Q

what is in the epithelium of bowman’s

A

podocytes
mesangial cells

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21
Q

net filtration pressure

A

renal blood flow and blood pressure

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22
Q

what 2 things does filtration coefficient depend on

A

surface areas of glomerular capillaries
permeability of filtration slits

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23
Q

is GFR constant or volatile

A

constant

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24
INCREASED resistance in afferent arteriole
decreases GFR
25
INCREASED resistance in efferent arteriole
increases GFR
26
3 barriers from size and charge
radius<1.8nm filter freely radius>3 nm do not filter(albumin) 1.8
27
3 pressures influence glomerular filtration
Capillary blood pressure capillary colloid osmotic pressure capsule fluid pressure
28
GFR
volume of fluid filtered per unit time
29
what influences GFR
Net filtration pressure filtration coefficient
30
what is the myogenic response
Intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes (muscle can regulate blood flow)
31
what is myogenic response similar to?
autoregulatory response
32
what kind of control is tubuloglomerular feedback under
paracrine
33
what is the juxtaglomerular apparatus
macula densa and granular cells
34
macula densa
detect NaCl in the filtrate
35
granular cells
secrete enzyme renin
36
what influences GFR
hormones and autonomic neurons
37
how is GFR affected
changing arteriole resistance altering filtration coefficient
38
reabsorption may be
active or passive
39
transepithelial transport
substances cross apical and basolateral membranes
40
paracellular pathway
substances pass through the cell-cell junction between two adjacent cells
41
active transport of Na+
creates electrical gradient
42
what follows Na+
anions to create osmotic gradient
43
why is Na+ important
establishes H2O gradient
44
secondary active transport of glucose
symport w/ Na+
45
what else can symport with Na
amino acids and organic molecules
46
passive reabsorption
urea can diffuse freely
47
endocytosis
plasma proteins
48
saturation
maximum rate of transport that occurs when all carriers are occupied by (are saturated with) substrate
49
transport maximum
the transport rate at saturation
50
renal threshold
the plasma concentration at which a substance first appears in the urine
51
excretion
filtration - reabsorption + secretion
52
clearance
a noninvasive way to measure GFR
53
clearance formula
excretion rate of X(mg/min)/ [X](mg/plasma)
54
what is used to measure GFR
inulin and creatinine
55
creatinine
breakdown product of phosphocreatinine
56
where is inulin from
some plants like artichokes
57
inulin clearance
inulin excretion rate/[plasma inulin]
58
does composition of urine change after leaving collecting ducts
NOPE
59
micturition
process of urination
60
how many sphincters does the bladder have
internal and external
61
what sends signals in the spinal cord
stretch receptors in bladder walls
62
what induces bladder smooth muscle contraction
parasympathetic fibers
63
somatic neurons are inhibited to what
external sphincter
64
what is the primary route for excretion of ions and water
kidney
65
what products do lungs lose
H2O and HCO3
66
behavioral mechanisms for salt
thirst and craving
67
ECF osmolarity
affects cell volume
68
what is the rapid response to integrate fluid and electrolyte balance
respiratory and cardiovascular under neural control
69
what is the slow response to integrate fluid and electrolyte balance
kidney
70
how do we get water into the body
ingestion, normal metabolism, IV
71
how do we lose water
urine, feces, insensible water loss, pathological
72
low osmolarity
high water
73
high osmolarity
low water
74
diuresis
removing excess water in urine
75
where is water absorbed
descending loop of henle
76
thick ascending loop of henle
really thick cells, impermeable to water
77
where is fluid more dilute in loop of Henle
fluid leaving loop of Henle
78
cortical nephron
short loop of henle
79
peritubular capillaries
tiny blood vessels in the kidney
80
juxtamedullary nephron
long loop of henle
81
what percent of nephrons are Juxtamedullary
15%
82
bowman's capsule
site of plasma filtration with the glomerulus
83
renal corpuscle parts
bowman's capsule+glomerulus
84
collecting ducts
converge and drain into the renal pelvis
85
distal nephron
distal tubule and collecting ducts
86
filtration
Fluid from blood into the lumen of the nephron
87
filtrate
filtered plasma excreted unless absorbed
88
where does filtration occur
occurs at renal corpuscle
89
reabsorption
Materials in the filtrate are passed back into the blood
90
where does reabsorption occur
Occurs with peritubular capillaries
91
secretion
material from blood into lumen of tubule
92
where does secretion occur
occurs with peritubular capillaries
93
vasopressin
antidiuretic hormone
94
where does ADH act
collecting duct
95
where are ADH receptors
basolateral membrane
96
AQP2 channels
embedded on the apical membrane
97
graded effect
matches urine concentration to body's need
98
when is more urine produced
at night
99
100

bio201 (10 decks)

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