Ch 17 Practice

Question 1

What is the purpose of an episiotomy?

Answer 1

To enlarge the vaginal orifice during child birth

Question 2

The structure that connects the embryo to the placenta is called the ______ ______.

Answer 2

Umbilical cord

Question 3

What developments occur during the first 5 years of childhood development?

Answer 3

• Development of gross fine motor skills
• Maturation of senses
• Development of speech

Question 4

Pre-embryonic period

Answer 4

Egg is fertilized by sperm; zygote begins to divide

Question 5

Embryonic period

Answer 5

Weeks 2-8; Implantation occurs; nervous system, limb buds, and all other systems are developing

Question 6

Fetal period

Answer 6

Third - ninth month; organ systems complete development

Question 7

During animal development the three embryonic ______ layers develop into the different organs and tissues.

Answer 7

Germ

Question 8

List the events of fertilization:

Answer 8

1. Sperm penetrate the corona radiata
2. Sperm release acrosomal enzymes
3. Sperm binds to oocyte plasma membrane
4. Sperm pronucleus forms
5. Sperm and egg pronuclei enclosed in nuclear envelope

Question 9

The study of aging is called ______.

Answer 9

Gerontology

Question 10

______ is the embedding of the embryo within the lining of the uterus.

Answer 10

Implantation

Question 11

Fertilization occurs when sperm and the egg unite to form the first cell of a new individual, called the ______.

Answer 11

Zygote

Question 12

BY the tenth week of embryonic development, the chorion has developed into the ______, which is now secreting hormones that help maintain the pregnancy.

Answer 12

The placenta

Question 13

The ______ provides the developing embryo/fetus with nourishment and oxygen and takes away its waste.

Answer 13

Placenta

Question 14

Sperm require lots of energy and this is generated from the mitochondria located within the ______.

Answer 14

Middle piece

Question 15

Identify the three layers of tissue formed during gastrulation:

Answer 15

• Endoderm (inner layer)
• Mesoderm (middle layer)
• Ectoderm (outer layer)

Question 16

The events of the first week after fertilization encompass ______.

Answer 16

Pre-embryonic development

Question 17

The presence of hormones produced by the ______ ______ after implantation prevent menstruation.

Answer 17

Corpus Luteum

Question 18

By the tenth week of embryonic development, the chorion has developed into the ______, which is now secreting hormones that help maintain the pregnancy.

Answer 18

Placenta

Question 19

During the ______ process of development cells take on a specific structure and function.

Answer 19

DIfferentiation

Question 20

The gene on the Y chromosome that induces development of male genetalia is called the ______ gene.

Answer 20

SRY

Question 21

Growth

Answer 21

During embryonic development, cell division is accompanied by an increase in size of the daughter cells

Question 22

Morphogenesis

Answer 22

The shaping of the embryo that is evident when certain cells migrate in relation to other cells

Question 23

Differentiation

Answer 23

When cells take on specific structure and function

Question 24

Cleavage

Answer 24

The first cell divisions that occur immediately after fertilization

Question 25

Membranous areas in the skull that permit flexibility for passing through the birth canal and rapid growth of the brain during infancy are called ______.

Answer 25

Fontanels

Question 26

The middle germ layer of an animal embryo that gives rise to muscle, several internal organs, and connective tissue layers is the:

Answer 26

Mesoderm

Question 27

During which stage of the birthing process does the cervix dilate?

Answer 27

First stage

Question 28

Child birth is regulated by a ______ feedback mechanism.

Answer 28

Positive

Question 29

A pregnancy in which the embryo implants in a location other than the uterus is called a(n) ______ pregnancy.

Answer 29

Ectopic

Question 30

Progesterone

Answer 30

Relaxation of smooth muscle; reduced uterine motility

Question 31

Estrogen

Answer 31

Increased uterine flow; increased RAA activity and protein synthesis by the liver

Question 32

Peptide hormone

Answer 32

Increased insulin resistance