Flashcards in Ch 2 Deck (10):
1
Explain why we need scientific research to obtain accurate knowledge
•facts vs. opinion/intuition
•many people can create errors
•many people could belive they are right and be over confident
•there could be a hindsight bias
•misperceiving meaning in randomness. People could pick only people who will help their experiment determine what they want it to determine again with bias
2
Explain the relationship between the scientific attitude and critical thinking
You should always question wether something is right
-curiosity, skepticism, humility and thinking critically
3
What is descriptive type of research ?
-no manipulation of variables
1. Case studies
2. Naturalistic observations
3. Surveys
4. Correlational studies
Trying to generalize from a population
4
What type of research is experimental?
Variables are manipulated and their impact is examined
-determines cause and affect.
-control group doesn't change while experimental group is changed.
-Independent variable is manipulated while dependent variable is the result of the change in the IV
5
What's correlational research?
Measures how two factors are associated
CORRELATION IS NOT CAUSATION
- strong correlation = .6 or greater
-moderate correlation=.5
-weak correlation= under .5
6
What's the placebo effect?
People's expectations or beliefs influencing or determining there experience in a given situation
7
What's random assignment ?
Method of experimental group assignment in which all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to either groups
8
What's the difference between longitudinal and cross sectional designs ?
Longitudinal groups are studied over a long period of time.
Cross-sectional is when you view two groups at the same time and compare them.
9
What is the IRB?
Institutional Review board : review proposals for research that involves humans
10