Ch 9

Question 1

Identify the various types of changes across the life span

Answer 1

• Social: having friends and our new interactions .
• Moral:knowing right from wrong
• Personality
• physical:we get older and taller
• Cognitve: the way we process info
• Emotional changes

Question 2

Explain the issue of nature vs. nurture

Answer 2

Nature: influence of genetic inheritance in human development
Nurture:Influence of environmental experiences in human development. this begins in the womb.

Question 3

What are the different stages of prenatal development and their characteristics

Answer 3

• Zygote: fusion of sperm and egg
• Embryo: 3+ weeks has a heartbeat and neural tube
• Fetus: 7 months EEG detectable.

Question 4

Define teratogens and give examples

Answer 4

Any substance that is harmful to developing human.

ex Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 5

Explain the various skills of newborns

Answer 5

• Rooting reflex: reflex consisting of head-turning and mouth opening when an infants cheek is stroked.
• Sucking reflex: reflex triggered by inserting a fingertip in an infant’s mouth
• Crying when hungry
• Sound recognition
• face preference: like to look at human faces

Question 6

Explain children’s cognitive development as suggested by Jean Piaget.

Answer 6

Kids develop schemas in order to organize information to help them better understand the world.

• Assimilation: kids take in information that is comparable to what they know.
• Accommodation: process of adapting our mental frameworks to incorporate new information.

Question 7

Explain the sensorimotor stage

Answer 7

• birth to 2 years
• exploration by looking, hearing, touching, mouthing and grasping
• lack object permanence ex peek a boo.

Question 8

Explain the preoperational stage

Answer 8

• 2 to 7 years old
• egocentric thinking
• builds symbols and schemas
• intuition but no logic/abstraction

Question 9

explain the concrete operational stage

Answer 9

• 7 to 11 yrs old
• logical reasoning of concrete ideas
• able to do the conservation task (the idea that mas and volume of objects remain the same despite changes in their form), seriation, simple math

Question 10

explain the formal operational stage

Answer 10

• adolescence
• abstract reasoning
• adult like intellegince

Question 11

What are Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development?

Answer 11

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

Question 12

What are the three attatchment styles of infants/children

Answer 12

• Secure: children have caregivers that are responsive and sensitive to their needs
• Avoidant: caregiver is insensitive and inattentive to childs need
• Anxious/resistant : caregivers are inconsistent level of responsiveness to their child

Question 13

Describe Mary Ainsworth’s strange situtaion test

Answer 13

A mother and child are put in a room. After child gets comftrable mother leaves and a stranger enters. After the mother returns to comfort baby.

• Avoidant kids: did not care when parent left. when parent returns the child is slow to show happiness.
• Secure: distressed when parent left.easily comforted when parent returned
• Anxious/resistant: became angry at parent for leaving and was difficult to comfort

Question 14

Explain the influence of temperament and culture on attachment styles

Answer 14

Maybe it is difficult for the parent to satisfy the kids needs because the baby is a fussy baby. In addition, maybe the parents have to go to work and therefore don’t have much time to spend with their kids