Ch 3 Flashcards

(26 cards)

1
Q

What is the central nervous system composed of ?

A

Brain and spinal cord

-central nervous system allows you to move and sends signals through the body to the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain how behavioral geneticists determine the individual contribution of genetics and environment to human traits

A

They do this by taking two twins with the same DNA and putting them into two different environments to see if having them in two different environments causes a change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems ?

A

Sympathetic is fight or flight. Where you are aroused and your heart accelerates and you do anything you can to survive.
-parasympathetic is rest and dijest when you are calm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different parts of a neuron?

A
  • dendrites: branches that receive messages from other neurons and environment
  • cell body: contains DNA
  • axon: passes messages away from cell body to other neurons.
  • myelin sheath: fatty insulation around the axon.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the difference between sensory neurons and motor neurons ?

A

Sensory neurons = sensation; take info form the world

Motor neurons take action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s an inter neuron?

A

Transmits impulses from to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an action potential?

A

An electrical impulse that travels down the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do neurons communicate ?

A
  1. Neuron receives signals through dendrites.
  2. Signal is transmitted to other cells through synapse
  3. Threshold (-60MV): the action potential starts moving.
  4. The AP travels down axon to terminals
  5. The neurotransmitter is released
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s a synapse ?

A

Gap between sending and receiving neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s a neurotransmitter ?

A

Messenger chemicals that cross the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s synaptic reuptake ?

A

It’s the recycling of neurotransmitters. Nts are taken back up to be reused by sending neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does cocaine affect the reuptake ?

A

Cocaine increases dopamine which blocks the dopamine transmitter therefor you get a flood of dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the SSRI anti-depressant medication do ?

A

The SSRI stands for Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitor which inhibits the reuptake of Seratonin selectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is multiple sclerosis ?

A

A disease of myelination that affects the central nervous system to send signals.
T-cells attack myelin which affects the communication.
Symptoms fatigue loss of
Movement memory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of hippocampus ?

A

-Memory.

For patient H.M. They did brain surgery to control his seizures and removed his hippocampus which resulted in amnesia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the function of pons and the medulla ?

A

Functions : heartbeat and breathing
Damage: paralysis, coma and death
Ex Christopher Reeve which was an actor who fell off a horse and broke his neck and became paralyzed

17
Q

What’s the function of the cerebellum?

A
  • balance and posture

- coordination of voluntary movement such as play a sport

18
Q

What’s the function of hypothalamus ?

A

Bodily maintained (homeostasis); hormones.

19
Q

What’s the amygalda?

A

Defensive emotions(fear, aggression)

20
Q

What’s the limbus system responsible for ?

A

Emotion and memory.

-includes hippocampus, hypothalamus , and amygalda

21
Q

What are the 4 corticol lobes ?

A

Frontal lobe: responsible for higher level thinking. Language;movement;planning and decision making

  • parietal lobe: body sensation
  • temporal: hearing : memory
  • occipital: vision
22
Q

What’s the difference between the left and right hemisphere ?

A

Left hemisphere:

  • thoughts and logic
  • language: words and grammar
  • pieces and details

Right:

  • feelings and intuition
  • language,tone
  • wholes, including self
23
Q

what are some examples of neurotransmitters ?

A

Seratonin: affects mood hunger and wakefullness. If imbalanced causes depression.
-dopamine: influences movement, attention and reward. If imbalanced can cause schizophrenia and ADHD

GABBA: inhibitory sleep. If imbalanced can cause anxiety and epilepsy
-glutamate: excitatory. If imbalanced can cause migraines and seizures

24
Q

Compare and contrast the different types of brain scans

A

Computerized tomography(CT scan): imagining technique where computer coordinates and integrates multiple x-rays of a given area.

  • positron emission tomography(PET): injecting individuals with mildly radioactive substance and monitoring changes in bloody looks to different areas in brain. Just an image
  • electroencephalography(EEG): recording electrical activity of the brain. Brainwaves
  • functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI):Magnetic fields used to produce picture that shows changes in metabolic activity over time. Shows where scirocco is taking place in brain
25
Identify some of the major glands ?
- pituitary gland: secretes a # of key hormones which directs activity of other glands in endocrine system - thyroid: secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism and appetite - adrenal: sits atop of kidneys and secretes hormones involved in stress response
26
Identify major hormones in endocrine system
Adrenaline -stress hormone - insulin : protein pancreatic hormone - testosterone: male hormones produced in testes