Ch 20

Question 1

What did Thomas Aquinas do and how did the Roman church support his work?

Answer 1

He combined Aristotle’s ideas with Roman Catholic teachings. The Roman church gave his work official approval and forbade anyone to disagree with it.

Question 2

Why were Aristotle’s ideas about physics wrong? Did his physics help man to subdue the earth?

Answer 2

Aristotle like other Greeks, attributed characteristics to the physical universe that only God possesses. Aristotle believed matter has always existed.
He produced nothing to help man fulfill God’s command to subdue the earth.

Question 3

How did Francis Bacon explain the connection between the Protestant Reformation and modern science?

Answer 3

He said that at the same time as the church was being held accountable for not holding to the truth, the Reformation was exposing that and he was encouraging people to find the truth on their own, other bodies of knowledge should be discovered by regular people also like science.

Question 4

Describe Copernicus’s view of the universe. How did it different from the excepted do you have his day?

Answer 4

He said the universe revolves around the sun this was in contrast to what everyone believed that the universe revolves around the earth Heliocentric versus geocentric

Question 5

What laws did Kepler Discover?

Answer 5

The laws of planetary motion.

Question 6

What convinced Galileo that Copernicus and Kepler were right? What laws did Galileo develop?

Answer 6

He viewed the sky through a telescope he built in 1610. His eyes and the reason told him that Aristotle had been wrong and that Copernicus and Kepler work correct.

Law of uniform acceleration
Laws of the pendulum

Question 7

What is the language of science question

Answer 7

Mathematics

Question 8

When was the name scientist coined and what we’re scientists called before that time?

Answer 8

1840

Philosophers

Question 9

Who contributed more to scientific progress than any other individual and what famous lie did he discover?

Answer 9

Isaac Newton

The law of universal gravitation

Question 10

During the 17th century what group of people took the greatest interest in the work of the scientist?

Answer 10

The Puritans

Question 11

What was the first permanent scientific Society in the modern age? When was it founded and where?

Answer 11

The Royal Society for the improvement of natural knowledge

It was formed in 1662 in London England under John Wilkins

Question 12

For what is Albert Einstein especially remembered?

Answer 12

Stating the theories of relativity

Question 13

Who is known as the father of anatomy and what did William Harvey describe?

Answer 13

Andreas Vesalius

William Harvey described the circulation of the blood in the human body.

Question 14

Identify these things

Answer 14

Superstitions 
astrology 
scholasticism 
Aristotle 
physics Tycho Brahe 
Principia 
John Wilkins 
philosophical college 
French Academy of science 
Huguenots 
Jansenists 
Blaise Pascal

Question 15

How did nature worship keep ancient people from developing science?

Answer 15

The belief in astrology, the confused idea that the stars, rather than the creator of the stars, will the destiny’s of men, confused men and they did not understand that the stars are controlled by natural forces and rationalize of nature established by God.
They were shipped nature itself as a God

Question 16

What kind of student was Charles Darwin and in what subject was he notably deficient?

Answer 16

He was not a very good student. He was notably deficient in mathematics.

Question 17

Describe the principle of uniformity. What opposite principal did the founders of modern science believe?

Answer 17

The present explains the past and you cannot know about the past without interpreting the present based on observations.

Modern scientists founders believed that the past meaning the Bible was the key meaning for the future

Question 18

What did Darwin stay in Descent of Man?

Answer 18

“Man is descended from a hairy tailed quadruped probably arbor real and it’s habits and and inhabitants of the old world.”

Question 19

Why did many people begin to except Darwins ideas question

Answer 19

He was a “scientist”. People did not want the Bible telling them how to live.

Question 20

How does evolution threaten the quality of science?

Answer 20

Evolution is an attempt to separate science from its Christian heritage.

Scientists changed their course from mastering nature for the benefit of mankind to trying to prove Darwin’s ideas which really could not be proven

Question 21

What is a scientists most important guidebook?

Answer 21

The Bible

Question 22

Identify these things

Answer 22

HMS Beagle
Charles Layell
The Origin of Species
survival of the fittest

Question 23

What set the stage for the industrial revolution? What years are called the age of industry?

Answer 23

The rise of modern science and the 16th and 17th centuries and the revival of biblical Christianity in England America and some European countries in the 18th century.

1760 to 1900 the industrial revolution

Question 24

What is subsistence farming? What is the most critical material factor in determining how far a nation may advance?

Answer 24

Growing just enough food to feed their own families

Mastery of the food supply

Question 25

List some of the inventions that increased agricultural production

Answer 25

Jethro Tull's seed drill 1701 Mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick and 1831 Steel plow by John Deere in 1837 Thresher The combine that combined the reaper and thresher by 1900

Question 26

Why did England take the lead in the industrial revolution in the 18th century?

Answer 26

England had an excellent system of rivers and harbors for transportation and water power, harbors ample supplies of coal and iron, the world's largest non-fire being labor supply, a government rewarding private initiative and protected private property, capital for investment and the worlds largest navy and merchant Marine. It was populated by people inspired by the Protestant work ethic to work and improve itself.

Question 27

Compare the domestic system of manufacturing with the factory system

Answer 27

The domestic system was people working in small private shops, usually within a Craftsmans home. Often entire families would manufacture products together. It was very hard work and took a lot of time. People were hired to come together and produce manufactured goods in a systematic way for wages in a larger facility.

Question 28

How did industrialism affect the size of cities?

Answer 28

Cities grew rapidly and they grew large. The population exploded

Question 29

What happens in countries that grow in size and do not industrialize?

Answer 29

There are more people to feed and clothe without the resources needed to provide for all of them so people end up living in horrible conditions not faring much better than the cattle.

Question 30

Identify these things

Answer 30

``` Industrial revolution technology Protestant work ethic Jethro Tull John Deere Cyrus McCormick real wages ```

Question 31

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Answer 31

England's textile factories

Question 32

``` Name the inventor of each of the following inventions: flying shuttle spinning Jenny water frame spinning mule power loom ```

Answer 32

``` Flying shuttle – John Kay-1738 Spinning Jenny - James Hargreaves- 1764 Water frame –Richard Aekwright-1769 Spinning mule - Samuel Crompton-1779 Power loom- Edmund Cartwright - 1785 ```

Question 33

What device did Eli Whitney invented in what crop did it make king in the southern states

Answer 33

The cotton gin; cotton

Question 34

What is the Bessemer process and what two men developed it?

Answer 34

It is s process for converting iron to steel using currents of air Henry Bessemer and William Kelly

Question 35

Name two famous canals that were dug in the 19th century

Answer 35

Eerie and Suez

Question 36

Who invented the first practical steamship? What was it called?

Answer 36

Robert Fulton; the Clermont

Question 37

Who opened the worlds first public steam powered rail road and when?

Answer 37

George Stephenson -Englishmsn-1825

Question 38

How did Gottlieb Diamler and Rudolf diesel improved transportation?

Answer 38

Gottlieb Diamler invented the internal combustion engine 1886 Rudolf diesel invented the diesel engine

Question 39

Who perfected the electric telegraph? Who laid the first successful trans-Atlantic telegraph cable?

Answer 39

Samuel Morse | Cyrus Field

Question 40

Who has been called the greatest inventor in history? Name five of his inventions.

Answer 40

``` Thomas Alva Edison Phonograph motion picture projector mimeograph machine improved telephone system incandescent electric light bulb ```

Question 41

When did the Wright brothers make their first successful flight and where?

Answer 41

December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk North Carolina

Question 42

Who made the automobile affordable for most Americans?

Answer 42

Henry Ford

Question 43

Who is the leader in the oil industry? Who is the leader in the steel industry? Describe the philanthropic endeavors of these men.

Answer 43

John D. Rockefeller Andrew Carnegie Rockefeller gave money to start at the university of Chicago in 1891. He helped fund the restoration of Williamsburg Virginia to its 18th century appearance. He contributed $3 billion in contributions. Andrew Carnegie funded the Carnegie Institute of technology and the Carnegie Institute of Washington. He helped fund Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. He helped finance foundations of public libraries in the United States and England.

Question 44

Identify these things

Answer 44

``` Enclosure movement James Watt Sir Humphrey Davy clipper ships transcontinental railroad Penny Postage System Alexander Graham Bell Model T philanthropy The Gospel of Wealth ```

Question 45

List five major causes of industrialism in the 19th century.

Answer 45

``` Spiritual revival The rise of modern science Advances in agriculture Technological developments Rise of international trade ```

Question 46

What philosophy did Adam Smith advocate in wealth of Nations? What did he call for an international scale?

Answer 46

Individual freedom in economics leads to the greatest good not only for the individual but for society as a whole. Free trade

Question 47

What country has enjoyed the greatest blessings of capitalism?

Answer 47

America

Question 48

``` For what industry is each of the following cities noted Pittsburgh Minneapolis St. Paul Chicago Cincinnati? ```

Answer 48

``` Pittsburgh – steel Minneapolis – flour mills Saint Paul – flour mills Chicago – meatpacking centers Cincinnati - meatpacking centers ```

Question 49

When did modern big business begin?

Answer 49

19th century around 1889. Between 1865-1900.

Question 50

Identify these things

Answer 50

Mercantile system Free-trade Laissez-faire GNP