CH. 3 & 6

Question 1

what was the 1st clinical sample examined

Answer 1

urine

Question 2

how was albumin found

Answer 2

boiling urine

Question 3

who created the 1st medical licensure laws

Answer 3

charlatans/”pisse prophets”

Question 4

in the 17th century what did the microscope do for urine examination

Answer 4

evaluation of sediment

Question 5

what became part of routine physical in 1827

Answer 5

urine evaluation

Question 6

what test is a fluid biopsy of the kidney

Answer 6

urinalysis

Question 7

true or false: urine is readily available and easily collected

Answer 7

true

Question 8

what are the factors of pre examination of urine

Answer 8

collection
handling
preservation

Question 9

what time of urine collection would be for a routine UA sample

Answer 9

first morning

Question 10

what is a suffiencient vol of urine for UA

Answer 10

50 mL

Question 11

what is a min vol of urine for automated methods

Answer 11

4 ml to 15 ml

Question 12

when should a UA be performed after voiding

Answer 12

30 min to 2 hours

Question 13

why are dip sticks performed at room temp

Answer 13

they are enzymatic

Question 14

how would you collect a baby’s urine

Answer 14

disposable pediatric bag

Question 15

what kind of instructions do you have to give to a pt collecting urine

Answer 15

oral and written

Question 16

true or false: the location of the pt needs to be on the urine collected

Answer 16

true

Question 17

true or false: the ID # needs to be on the urine collected

Answer 17

true

Question 18

true or false: the requesting physician needs to be on the urine collected

Answer 18

true

Question 19

true or false: the diagnosis needs to be on the urine collected

Answer 19

true

Question 20

what % of urine is water

Answer 20

95-96%

Question 21

what % of urine is urea metabolic waste

Answer 21

> 50%

Question 22

what enzyme would you want to prevent in urine

Answer 22

urease

Question 23

function of urease

Answer 23

breaks down urea

Question 24

what is the best method of preservation of urine

Answer 24

refrigeration

Question 25

what kind of urine preservation will interfere with pH but is ok for culture

Answer 25

boric acid

Question 26

what kind of urine preservation is good for sediment not chemical

Answer 26

formalin

Question 27

what kind of urine preservation inhibits glycolysis

Answer 27

sodium flouride

Question 28

true or false: you can use sodium fluoride with glucose oxidase reagent strip

Answer 28

false

Question 29

what kind of urine preservation is used for microscopic examination

Answer 29

weak acid

Question 30

what does it mean if unpreserved urine color darkens

Answer 30

breakdown of chromogen

Question 31

what does it mean if unpreserved urine has an odor

Answer 31

bacterial growth and decomposition

Question 32

what does it mean if unpreserved urine clarity decreases

Answer 32

bacterial crystals amorphous

Question 33

what does it mean if unpreserved urine has a high pH

Answer 33

breakdown of urea to ammonia

Question 34

what does it mean if unpreserved urine glucose decreases

Answer 34

glycolysis | bacterial utilization

Question 35

what does it mean if unpreserved urine ketone decreases

Answer 35

volatilization of acetone

Question 36

what does it mean if unpreserved urine bilirubin decrease

Answer 36

destroyed by light

Question 37

what does it mean if unpreserved urine urobilinogen decrease

Answer 37

destroyed by light

Question 38

when does unpreserved urine nitrite increase

Answer 38

produced after collection

Question 39

when does unpreserved urine bacteria increase

Answer 39

after collection

Question 40

what does it mean if unpreserved urine has cast/cells disintegrating

Answer 40

alkaline | hypotonic

Question 41

what type of urine sample is routine screening and cytology

Answer 41

random

Question 42

what type of urine sample is pregnancy test, orthostatic protein, and cytology

Answer 42

1st morning

Question 43

what type of urine sample is fasting, GTT, 2 hour PP

Answer 43

fractional or double voided

Question 44

what is a double voided test

Answer 44

collection of blood and urine

Question 45

what type of urine collection technique is used for bacterial cultures or to prevent vaginal contamination

Answer 45

midstream "clean catch"

Question 46

where is a catheter inserted

Answer 46

urethra to bladder to ureters

Question 47

what type of urine collection technique involves puncturing of abdominal wall and distended bladder by using needle and syringe

Answer 47

suprapubic aspiration

Question 48

is a suprapubic aspiration sample sterile

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

What are the physical properties examined in urine

Answer 49

Color, clarity or transparency, odor, volume, solute concentration

Question 50

if urine has a yellow foam what protein is it

Answer 50

bilirubin

Question 51

If urine has a white foam what protein is it

Answer 51

Albumin

Question 52

How is solute concentration measured

Answer 52

specific gravity and Osmolality 

Question 53

what Is a good environment to examine urine color

Answer 53

good light | Against a white background

Question 54

What is the normal color of urine

Answer 54

light/straw to amber

Question 55

What metabolic pigment make urine yellow

Answer 55

urochrome

Question 56

what metabolic pigment makes urine yellow

Answer 56

urochrome

Question 57

what metabolic pigment makes urine pink

Answer 57

uroerythrin

Question 58

what metabolic pigment makes urine orange/brown

Answer 58

urobilin

Question 59

what method used to examine urine’s clarity

Answer 59

schweitzer method

Question 60

How would you describe the clarity of urine with no visible particulate matter present

Answer 60

clear

Question 61

How would you describe urines clarity with some visible particulate matter present with no distortion of newsprint

Answer 61

hazy

Question 62

How would you describe the clarity of urine where the newsprint is distorted but can’t be seen through urine

Answer 62

cloudy

Question 63

How would you describe the clarity of urine or news print cannot be seen through urine

Answer 63

Turbid

Question 64

What clarity descriptions of urine is problematic

Answer 64

Cloudy and turbid

Question 65

What disease produces greater than 500 mL of urine during the night with a specific gravity of less than 1.018

Answer 65

nocturia

Question 66

What disease produces less than 400 mL of urine in 24 hours

Answer 66

oliguria

Question 67

What does osmolality measure

Answer 67

Number of solute particles

Question 68

What does specific gravity measure

Answer 68

Number of solute present and molecular size

Question 69

What is the normal range of specific gravity of a random adult sample

Answer 69

1.002 to 1.035

Question 70

def? Comparison of the ratio of light refraction and velocity change as it passes from air into solution

Answer 70

Refractive index of light

Question 71

What disease has a low specific gravity

Answer 71

hypothenuria

Question 72

What disease has a high specific gravity

Answer 72

hyperthenuria

Question 73

What disease has a fixed specific gravity

Answer 73

lsothenuria