CH.5

Question 1

what do renal function test evaluate (3)

Answer 1

glomerular filtration
conc
renal blood flow

Question 2

what conc is being tested in renal function test

Answer 2

tubular reabsorption

tubular secretion

Question 3

factors of urine volume and solute composition

Answer 3

diet
physical activity
health

Question 4

what specific waste is looked at to assess kidney function

Answer 4

creatinine

urea

Question 5

urine composition

Answer 5

5-6% dissolved solutes

94-95% water

Question 6

what problem does uric acid cause in the kidneys

Answer 6

kidney stones

Question 7

what is it called when more than 3 L of urine a produced per day

Answer 7

polyuria

Question 8

what causes polyuria

Answer 8

• ADH secretion inadequate or receptors are ineffective

- solute increase

Question 9

what is it called when less than 400 mL of urine are produced per day

Answer 9

oliguria

Question 10

what causes oliguria (3)

Answer 10

urinary obstruction, tubular dysfunction, fluid loss

Question 11

what is it called when no urine is produced

Answer 11

anuria

Question 12

what cause anuria

Answer 12

progressive renal disease or renal failure

Question 13

osmoses per kilogram

Answer 13

osmolality

Question 14

what does osmolality measure

Answer 14

solute number not size or weight

Question 15

where is finial osmolality determined

Answer 15

distal and collecting tubules when ADH is present

Question 16

what is normal urine osmolality

Answer 16

1 to 3 times of plasma

Question 17

def? comparison of density of urine to that of water

Answer 17

specific gravity.

Question 18

what does specific gravity measure

Answer 18

number of particles and mass

Question 19

what measures a more accurate selection of kidney’s conc ability

Answer 19

osmolality

Question 20

what are the 3 most prevalent solutes in urine

Answer 20

urea
chloride
sodium

Question 21

what will become unchanging in some chronic renal diseases

Answer 21

specific gravity or osmolality

Question 22

what is urine conc the same as

Answer 22

plasma ultrafiltrate

Question 23

what test is used to differentiate causes of polyuria

Answer 23

fluid deprivation test

Question 24

what disease is ADH decreases

Answer 24

neurogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 25

what disease has a lack of renal response to ADH

Answer 25

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 26

how long is urine collected for a fluid deprivation test

Answer 26

12 hours

Question 27

def? high specific gravity

Answer 27

heyperthenuria

Question 28

def? fixed specific gravity

Answer 28

isothenuria

Question 29

when would you see a person with a specific gravity greater than 1.035

Answer 29

injected with radiographic contrast media

Question 30

what test measures rate at which the kidneys can remove a filterable substance from the blood

Answer 30

clearance test

Question 31

what needs to be special about the substance analyzed in a clearance test

Answer 31

cannot be reabsorbed or secreted by the tubules

Question 32

what is the most common clearance test

Answer 32

creatinine clearance

Question 33

what substance does a exogenous clearance test require

Answer 33

inulin

Question 34

what substance does a endogenous clearance test require

Answer 34

substance already present in the body

Question 35

renal clearance formula

Answer 35

renal clearance (mL/min)= Urine conc (mg/dL) * Volume of urine (mL/min)/ plasma conc of substance (mg/dL)

Question 36

what is the waste product of creatine

Answer 36

creatinine

Question 37

how long does urine need to be collected for a creatinine clearance test

Answer 37

24 hrs

Question 38

what other test needs to be done with a creatinine clearance test and when?

Answer 38

serum creatinine drawn during urine collection period

Question 39

creatinine clearance formula

Answer 39

renal clearance (mL/min)= (urine creatinine * urine vol/ serum creatinin) * (1.73 m^2/ body surface area)

Question 40

normal creatinine value

Answer 40

based on size of the person; larger person = more creatinine production

Question 41

what happens to creatinine values in older people

Answer 41

decreases

Question 42

normal reference range of plasma creatinine

Answer 42

0.5 to 1.5 mg/dL

Question 43

is it difficult to preform a plasma and urine creatinine test

Answer 43

no

Question 44

what is tested to detect chronic kidney disease

Answer 44

GFR

Question 45

what is GFR based on

Answer 45

serum creatinine level, pt age, gender, and ethnicity

Question 46

def? a low molecular weight protein found on surface of nucleated cells and shed into plasma

Answer 46

beta2-microglobulin

Question 47

what molecule is readily passes through glomeruli and is 99.9% reabsorbed by proximal tubule

Answer 47

beta2-microglobulin

Question 48

what is the marker of reduced tubular function

Answer 48

beta2-microglobulin

Question 49

what is beta2-microglobulin used clinically for

Answer 49

ID early kidney transplant rejection | differentiate tubular and glomerular diseases

Question 50

def? low molecular weight protein that has potential as a marker for long term monitoring of renal function

Answer 50

cystatin C

Question 51

what molecule is produce by nucleated cells and filtered by glomerulus and is catabolized by tubular cells

Answer 51

cystatin C

Question 52

increased plasma levels reflect

Answer 52

decreased glomerular funtion

Question 53

is cystatin C routinely used

Answer 53

no

Question 54

what molecule appears early diabetic nephrophathy

Answer 54

albuminuria

Question 55

what does the presence of albumin mean

Answer 55

increased glomerular permeability

Question 56

what is the most important factor associated with glomerular proteinuria

Answer 56

hyperglycemia

Question 57

what is tested for renal blood flow

Answer 57

p-aminohippuric acid (PAH)

Question 58

where is PAH secreted

Answer 58

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 59

what is loosely bound to plasma proteins

Answer 59

PAH

Question 60

when is PAH removed from the blood

Answer 60

when it comes in contact with functional renal tissue

Question 61

what kind of procedure is PAH testing

Answer 61

exogenous

Question 62

what does titratable acidity/urine ammonia test for

Answer 62

tubular secretion of H and NH4+

Question 63

when is urine an "alkaline tide"

Answer 63

first morning postprandial lowest pH at night

Question 64

def? renal tubular acidosis is inability to produce an acid urine

Answer 64

metabolic acidosis

Question 65

def? secretion of H+

Answer 65

PCT

Question 66

def? secretion of NH3

Answer 66

DCT