Microscopic

Question 1

specific gravity of urine for microscopic exam

Answer 1

less than 1.010

Question 2

when abnormal macro and chemical results obtained —>

Answer 2

request microscopic exam

Question 3

what kind of complexity is CLIA’88

Answer 3

moderate

Question 4

what is the specimen of choice for microscopic exam

Answer 4

fresh first morning, midstream clean catch

Question 5

how long should you centrifugal urine

Answer 5

5 min

Question 6

conc of urine volume to sediment

Answer 6

12 to 1

Question 7

how much sediment is used for a slide

Answer 7

0.02

Question 8

what are hematopoietic cells

Answer 8

RBC

WBC

Question 9

what kind of epithelial cells are in urine sediment

Answer 9

transitional
squamous
renal tubular

Question 10

what stains cytodiagnostic UA sediment

Answer 10

papanicolaou stain

Question 11

def? fragmented red cells accompanied with protein

Answer 11

dysmorphic red cells

Question 12

what causes dysmorphic red cells

Answer 12

glomerular bleeding

Question 13

what other cells are confused with RBC

Answer 13

yeast

Question 14

how can you tell if it’s a RBC or yeast

Answer 14

add acid–> if RBC they lyse

yeast have buds

Question 15

what shape are neutrophils

Answer 15

granular spheres

Question 16

nucleus? neutrophil

Answer 16

multilobed

Question 17

if a pt has pyuria, pyelonephritis, cystitis, prostatitis, or urethritis what will show in the micro exam

Answer 17

neutrophils

Question 18

if a pt has drug induced interstitial nephritis or renal transplant rejection what will show in the micro exam

Answer 18

eosinophils

Question 19

if a pt has drug induced interstitial nephritis or renal transplant rejection what will show in the micro exam

Answer 19

eosinophils

Question 20

what stain is used on eosinophils

Answer 20

Hansel stain

Question 21

who has more squamous cells in sediment males or females

Answer 21

females

Question 22

what kind of epithelial cells are large irregular, abundant cytoplasm, and has a small prominent nucleus

Answer 22

squamous epithelial cells

Question 23

what kind of epithelial cells are pear, spheric, or caudate (tails) with a round central nucleus

Answer 23

transitional epithelial cells

Question 24

what would you see in the sediment of a pt with bladder cancer

Answer 24

transitional epithelial cells

Question 25

what kind of epithelial cells are round or oval, large prominent eccentric nucleus

Answer 25

renal tubular epithelial cells

Question 26

if a pt has acute tubular necrosis, acute viral or bacterial infection, renal toxicity, glomerulonephritis what will show in the micro exam

Answer 26

renal tubular epithelial cells

Question 27

what do renal tubular epithelial cell have with them

Answer 27

oval fat body

Question 28

what stains oval fat body

Answer 28

sudan III

Question 29

if a pt has lipiduria or nephrotic syndrome what will show in the micro exam

Answer 29

oval fat body

Question 30

if urine acidity increase, proteinuria, stasis, or conc increases what will form

Answer 30

cast

Question 31

what protein are hyaline cast made up of

Answer 31

Tamm-horsfall

Question 32

what cast is homogeneous, transparent, colorless, cylinder with parallel sides, and rounded ends

Answer 32

hyaline cast

Question 33

what causes hyaline cast

Answer 33

strenuous exersice

Question 34

what casts is transparent cylindrical matrix with embedded WBCs

Answer 34

WBC cast

Question 35

what cast would you see in a pt with pyelonephritis or inflammatory renal disease

Answer 35

WBC cast

Question 36

what is the most common WBC in a WBC cast

Answer 36

neutrophils

Question 37

what cast is transparent reddish-orange brown, cylindrical matrix with embedded RBCs

Answer 37

Red cell cast

Question 38

what cast would you see in a pt with glomerulonephritis, glomerular bleeding, or strenuous exercise

Answer 38

red cell cast

Question 39

what cast is transparent clinical protein matrix with embedded RTE cells

Answer 39

renal tubular cell cast

Question 40

what cast would you see in a pt with renal tubular damage, acute nephrictis, and tubular necrosis

Answer 40

renal tubular cell cast

Question 41

what cast is Transparent cylindrical matrix with course or fine embedded granules

Answer 41

granular cast

Question 42

what cast is Homogeneous, smooth, glassy opaque cylinder with cracked margins and broken off edges

Answer 42

waxy cast

Question 43

what do waxy indicate

Answer 43

renal failure

Question 44

what cast is Transparent cylinder filled with refractile fat droplets.

Answer 44

fatty cast

Question 45

what cast would you see in a pt with Nephrotic syndrome, Crush injuries, Toxic tubular necrosis, Diabetes mellitus

Answer 45

fatty cast

Question 46

how are crystals formed

Answer 46

increase solute formation | decreased urine flow

Question 47

most common crystals

Answer 47

uric acid crystals

Question 48

what crystals would you see in a pt with leukemia, gout ,Lesch-Nhyan

Answer 48

uric acid crystals

Question 49

crystal? colorless envelop shape. Associated with foods high in oxalic acid

Answer 49

dehydrate calcium oxalate

Question 50

crystal? oval dumbbell shape. Can be seen in ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 50

monohydrate calcium oxalate

Question 51

crystal? granular, white sediment

Answer 51

amorphous phosphates

Question 52

crystal? coffin lids

Answer 52

triple phosphate

Question 53

crystal? Yellow-brown “thorny apples” seen in old urine

Answer 53

ammonium biurate

Question 54

crystal? bow ties and | dumbbell forms gas from acetic acid

Answer 54

calcium carbonate

Question 55

crystal? colorless hexagonal plates seen in cystinuria, a metabolic disorder resulting in renal stones

Answer 55

cystine

Question 56

crystal? notched plates seen in lipiduria produced in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 56

chlesterol

Question 57

crystal? spheres with concentric striations

Answer 57

leucine

Question 58

crystal? needles forming clumps

Answer 58

tyrosine

Question 59

crystal? reddish brown clumped needles

Answer 59

bilirubin