Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CLS 304 > CH.9 > Flashcards

CH.9 Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: Glomerular renal diseases are usually immune mediated.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

true or false: Vascular disorders induce renal disease by

increasing renal perfusion.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

true or false: All structural components of the kidney are

equally susceptible to disease.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

true or false: Tubulointerstitial renal diseases usually result from antibody-antigen and complement interactions.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In glomerular diseases, morphologic changes in the

glomeruli include

A

cellular proliferation
leukocyte infiltration
glomerular basement mmb thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When all renal glomeruli are affected by a morphologic change, this change is described as

A

diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In glomerular renal disease, glomerular damage

results from

A

toxic substances induced by immune complex

formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical features that are characteristic of glomerular damage include

A

edema
hematuria
proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following disorders frequently
occurs following a bacterial infection of the skin or
throat?

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following disorders is characterized by
cellular proliferation into Bowman’s space to form
cellular “crescents”?

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following disorders is the major cause

of the nephrotic syndrome in adults?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following glomerular diseases is
the major cause of the nephrotic syndrome in
children?

A

Minimal change disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

true or false: IgA nephropathy often follows a muscosal infection

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Eighty percent of patients who develop chronic
glomerulonephritis previously had some type of glomerular disease. Which of the following disorders is implicated most frequently in the develop-
ment of chronic glomerulonephritis?

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chronic renal failure often develops in each of the

following diseases except

A

diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

features characterize the nephrotic syndrome?

A

Proteinuria

  1. Edema
  2. Hypoalbuminemia
  3. Hyperlipidemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When a patient has the nephrotic syndrome, microscopic examination of their urine sediment often reveals

A

waxy cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

associated with acute tubular necrosis?

A

Antibiotics
Hemoglobinuria
Surgical procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which formed element in urine sediment is characteristic of toxic acute tubular necrosis and aids
in its differentiation from ischemic acute tubular
necrosis?

A

proximal tubular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following disorders is characterized by
the urinary excretion of large amounts of arginine,
cystine, lysine, and ornithine?

A

cystinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Generalized loss of proximal tubular function is a

characteristic of

A

fanconi’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which of the following changes is not associated

with renal tubular acidosis?

A

Decreased glomerular filtration rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which of the following disorders is considered a

lower urinary tract infection?

A

cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most urinary tract infections are caused by

A

gram-negative rods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which of the following formed elements when present in urine sediment is most indicative of an upper urinary tract infection?
casts
26
The most common cause of chronic pyelonephritis | is
reflux nephropathies.
27
Eosinophiluria, fever, and skin rash are characteristic clinical features of
acute interstitial nephritis.
28
Cessation of the administration of a drug is the | fastest and most effective treatment for
acute interstitial nephritis.
29
Yeast is considered part of the normal flora in each | of the following locations except in the
urinary tract
30
Acute renal failure can be caused by all of the | following except
acute pyelonephritis.
31
Isosthenuria, significant proteinuria, and numerous casts of all types describes the urinalysis findings from a patient with
chronic renal failure.
32
Approximately 75% of the renal calculi that form | in patients contain
calcium
33
The formation of renal calculi is enhanced by
increases in chemical salts in the urine | ultrafiltrate.
34
An overflow mechanism is responsible for the aminoaciduria present in
tyrosinuria.
35
Which of the following hereditary diseases results in the accumulation and excretion of large amounts of homogentisic acid?
Alkaptonuria
36
Which of the following substances oxidizes with exposure to air, causing the urine to turn brown or black?
Melanin
37
``` what do the diseases have in common Tyrosinuria Melanuria Phenylketonuria Alkaptonuria ```
related to tyrosine production or metabolism
38
Which of the following diseases can result in severe mental retardation if not detected and treated in the infant?
Phenylketonuria Maple syrup urine disease Galactosuria
39
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of | type 2 diabetes mellitus?
The disease usually presents after 40 years of | age.
40
Which of the following abnormalities is not a | clinical feature of an infant with galactosuria?
polyuria
41
Galactose is produced in the normal metabolism | of
lactose
42
Which of the following features is not a characteristic of diabetes insipidus?
Increased production of antidiuretic hormone
43
Porphyria is characterized by
increased heme formation.
44
what is the most often immune mediated renal disease
glomerular
45
what type of renal disease result from toxic or infectious substances
tubular | interstitial
46
what type of renal disease caused by a reduction in renal perfusion that induces morphologic and functional changes in kidney
vascular
47
what types of diseases damage the glomeruli
immunologic metabolic hereditary
48
Systemic disease that initially and principally involve other organs but also affect kidneys
secondary glomerular disease
49
Specifically affect kidneys, often only organ involved
primary glomerular diseases
50
primary glomerular disease name
glomerulonephritis
51
Increased numbers of endothelial and other cells in glomerular tuft
cellular proliferation
52
what kind of problem in the glomerulus releases cytokines --> inflammation
leukocytic infiltration
53
Includes any process that results in enlargement of basement membrane
glomerular basement thickening
54
Accumulation of homogeneous eosinophilic extracellular material
Hyalinization with sclerosis
55
RBC in urine
hematuria
56
what type of hematuria is RBC in cast
acute
57
what type of hematuria is RBC not in cast
cronic
58
protein in urine
proteinuria
59
volume of urine is less than 400 ml/day
oliguria
60
increased nitrogen levels in glomerulus
azotemia
61
proteins are in urine there is no force pushing out fluid out at the capillary level
edema
62
what type of patients is minimal change disease common in
kids
63
describe proteinuria levels in nephrotic syndrome
increased
64
what protein are in patients urine with nephrotic syndrome
albumin
65
true or false: kidney diseases that affect tubules and interstitium will not cause nephrotic syndrome.
true
66
nephritic syndrome
damage is within the glomeruli
67
symptoms of nephritic syndrome
oliguria | azotemia
68
Autoimmune disorder with immune complex deposits
Systemic lupus erythematosus
69
upper urinary track infection have
cast
70
upper urinary track infection location
in renal pelvis or kidney
71
lower urinary track infection have
no cast
72
lower urinary track infection location
below kidney
73
Acute pyelonephritis and Chronic pyelonephritis are what type of UTI
upper UTI
74
what type of renal failure is classified as prerenal, renal, and post renal
acute renal failure
75
how are renal calculi formed
aggregates of mineral salts in a matrix of proteins and lipids
76
cystinosis
cystine increases -> renal cells die
77
cystinuria
renal tubules can not absorb cystine -> cystine goes to urine -> crystalize
78
maple syrup urine disease
ketone acids increase
79
phenylketonuria
enzyme can't convert phenylalanine to tyrosine --> blood pH increases
80
alkaptonuria
homogentsic acid increases --> urine is dark
81
tyrosinuria
can't absorb tyrosine or produce too much tyrosine --> urine
82
true or false: Porphyria can be inherited or induced.
true
83
true or false: Porphyrin precursors are neurotoxins.
true
84
true or false: Porphyrins can be dark red or purple.
true

CLS 304 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions