Kidney Diseases Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
what type of kidney diseases are most often immune related
A
glomerular
2
Q
what type of kidney diseases are a result from toxic or infectious substances
A
tubular
3
Q
what type of kidney diseases are a result from toxic or infectious substances
A
interstitial
4
Q
what type of kidney diseases are a reduction internal perfusion and the pressure of the heart is damaged
A
vascular
5
Q
what kind of kidney diseases are primary immunologic, secondary to systemic diseases, and hereditary
A
glomerular disorders
6
Q
what type of glomerulus disorder is cell proliferation
A
immune mediated
7
Q
what kind of glomerulus disorder increases in # of endothelial and other cells
A
cellular proliferation
8
Q
what type of glomerulus disorder is leukocyte infiltration
A
immune mediated
9
Q
what type of glomerulus disorder is glomerular basement mmb thickening
A
immune mediated
10
Q
what kind of glomerulus disorder has immune complexes and diabetes
A
glomerular basement mmb thickening
11
Q
what type of glomerulus disorder is hyalinization with sclerosis
A
immune mediated
12
Q
what kind of glomerulus disorder has mostly homogeneous eosinophilic extracellular material
A
hyalinization with sclerosis
13
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? insidious (gradual) onset
A
nephrotic
14
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? abrupt onset
A
nephritic
15
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? ++++ edema
A
nephrotic
16
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? ++ edema
A
nephritic
17
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? normal blood pressure
A
nephrotic
18
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? raised blood pressure
A
nephritic
19
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? normal/low jugular venous pressure
A
nephrotic
20
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? raised jugular venous pressure
A
nephritic
21
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? ++++ proteinuria
A
nephrotic
22
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? ++ proteinuria
A
nephritic
23
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? hematuria may or may not occur
A
nephrotic
24
Q
nephrotic or nephritic? +++ hematuria
A
nephritic
25
nephrotic or nephritic? absent RBC casts
nephrotic
26
nephrotic or nephritic? present RBC cast
nephritic
27
nephrotic or nephritic? low serum albumin
nephrotic
28
nephrotic or nephritic? normal/slightly reduced serum albumin
nephritic
29
def? Increased permeability of the glomerular membrane due to damage of basal lamina and podocytes. Massive loss of protein ( mostly albumin) in urine.
nephrotic syndrome
30
clinical findings of nephrotic syndrome
pitting edema and hyperlipidemia
31
what would you see under the microscope of someone with nephrotic syndrome
Oval fat bodies
Increased Renal Tubular epithelial cells
Increased casts
32
what protein do you see with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
m protein
33
what has these symptoms Fever, edema, fatigue, hypertension, oliguria, hematuria
acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
34
what disease has cloudy red or brown urine
acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
35
what would you see under the microscope of someone with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
increase RBC
increased WBC
Increased Renal Tubular epithelial cells
Increased casts
36
what cast would you see in acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (3)
RBC, hemoglobin, granular
37
what changes in the blood of someone with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
increase ASO titer and BUN
38
what type of glomerulonephritis has cellular proliferation in Bowman's space form crescents
Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)
39
what type of glomerulonephritis has leukocyte infiltration
Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)
40
what type of glomerulonephritis has fibrin deposits
Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)
41
what type of glomerulonephritis damages glomerular basement mmb
Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)
42
what type of glomerulonephritis has complications of systemic lupus erythematosus
Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)
43
what type of glomerulonephritis has loss of podocyte foot processes
```
Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)
Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
```
44
what type of glomerulonephritis has dysfunction of T cell immunity
Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)
45
what type of glomerulonephritis follows infections and is responsible for most cases of nephrotic syndrome in children
Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)
46
what type of glomerulonephritis has rapid response to steroids
Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)
47
what type of glomerulonephritis has Sclerotic damage to limited number of glomeruli with hyaline
Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
48
what type of glomerulonephritis has lipid deposits
Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
49
what type of glomerulonephritis has focal IgM and C3 deposits
Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
50
what type of glomerulonephritis has proteinuria predominate
Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
51
what type of glomerulonephritis has slow and progressive damage to glomeruli
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
52
what type of glomerulonephritis leads to end stage renal disease
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
53
what has these clinical findings edema, azotemia, hypertension, oliguria, hematuria, anemia
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
54
what type of glomerulonephritis has cloudy red or brown urine
chronic glomerulonephritis
55
urinalysis of chronic glomerulonephritis (3)
protein
blood
Leukocyte esterase pos
56
what would you see in the microscope of chronic glomerulonephritis
increase RBC
increase WBC
Increased Renal Tubular epithelial cells
Increased casts
57
what type of glomerulonephritis impair GFR
chronic glomerulonephritis
58
true or false: diabetes mellitus is associated with glomerulonephritis
t
59
what autoimmune disorders are associated with glomerulonephritis
SLE
sjogre syndrome
Berger disease
60
true or false: amyloidosis is not associated with glomerulonephritis
F
61
what infections are associated with glomerulonephritis
HIV
HBV
Group A strep
syphilis
62
what malignancies are associated with glomerulonephritis
multiple myeloma
63
def? damage to renal tubular epithelium
acute tubular necrosis
64
why do RTE cells blood flow and O2 decrease with acute tubular necrosis
ischemia
65
when do you see ischemia in acute tubular necrosis
shock
sepsis
trauma
66
what will be in the urine of someone with acute tubular necrosis
toxic substances
67
what can acute tubular necrosis cause
oliguria and acute renal failure
68
describe the urine of acute tubular necrosis
cloudy
| red or brown
69
Urinalysis: acute tubular necrosis
____ protein
____ blood
small
| pos
70
what will you see under the microscope of acute tubular necrosis
increase RBC
increase RTE cells
increase cast
71
what kind of cast will you see with acute tubular necrosis (4)
RTE
hyaline
granular
waxy
72
def? loss of proximal tubular function
falcon syndrome
73
def? Inability to secrete hydrogen ions so blood is acidic but unable to produce an acid urine
Renal tubular acidosis
74
what is the most common renal disease
UTI
75
where are lower UTI found
urethra and bladder
76
where are upper UTI found
renal pelvis
tubules
intersitium
77
what kind of disorder is cystitis
interstitial disorder
78
what kind of disorder is urethritis
interstitial disorder
79
what would the urine look like with an interstitial disorder
cloudy
| odorous
80
what is the ph of urine with interstitial disorder
alkaline
81
what would be pos in a urinalysis with interstitial disorder
protein
blood
leukocyte esterase
nitrite
82
what would you see under the microscope of someone with a interstitial disorder
RTE cells
| bacteria/ yeast
83
what kind of UTI is pyelonephritis
upper
84
where would you find pyelonephritis
tubules/interstitium
85
is pyelonephritis acute or chronic
both
86
is someone has sudden onset of lower back pain, urinary frequency, burning, fever, headache, general malaise what do they have
acute pyelonephritis
87
what can pyelonephritis lead to
renal failure
88
what does pyelonephritis cause
obstructions and bladder/ureters reflux
89
what does the urine look like with pyelonephritis
cloudy odorous
90
urinalysis: pyelonephritis
protein, blood, leukocyte esterase, nitrite
91
what would you see under the microscope of pyelonephritis (4)
increased WBC
WBC cast
increases RBC
bacteria
92
def? Allergic inflammation of renal interstitium followed by inflammation of renal tubules in response to certain medications
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
93
what is the Most common cause is acute allograft rejection of a transplanted kidney
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
94
if a pt has Sudden onset of renal symptoms, rash, fever develops app. 2 weeks after medication taken what do they have
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
95
urinalysis of Acute Interstitial Nephritis
protein
blood
leukocyte esterase
96
what would you see under the microscope of Acute Interstitial Nephritis
increase WBC
WBC eosinophilic cast
increase RBC
increase RTE cells
97
what kind of WBC do you see in Acute Interstitial Nephritis
eosinphils
98
what species of yeast is normal in the GI tract and vagina
candida
99
what can cause a yeast infection
Antibiotics
| increased glucose in urine
100
def? Results from failure of kidneys to maintain adequate excretory, regulatory and endocrine function.
renal failure
101
renal failure: ____ GFR
decreased
102
how much urine is produced with renal failure
small (oliguria)
103
renal failure : ____ nitrogenous concentrations
increased (azotemia)
104
what % of nephron function is lost with renal failure
85%
105
what does chronic renal failure lead to
end stage kidney disease
106
treatment of end stage kidney. disease
dialysis or kidney transplant
107
what are kidney stones
calculi, solid aggregates of mineral salts
108
most common kidney stone
calcium
109
what does this pt have: severe pain radiating from lower back to legs; hematuria present in most cases
kidney stones
