Ch1-P6-9

Question 1

Australian Psychological Society founded when

Answer 1

1966

Question 2

First three people to be offered chair in “Mental Philosophy” in Australia

Answer 2

Henry Laurie, Francis Anderson, and William Mitchell

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

Structuralism in psychology refers to the theory founded by Edward B. Titchener, based on loose interpretations of the writings of Wilhelm Wundt.

Titchener attempted to classify the structures of the mind, like chemists classify the elements of nature into the periodic table.

(a step up from phrenology)

Question 4

introspection

Answer 4

An individual’s systematic examination of his or her own thoughts and feelings

Question 5

Gestalt psychology

Answer 5

a theory of mind and brain of the Berlin School; the operational principle of gestalt psychology is that the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies. The principle maintains that the human eye sees objects in their entirety before perceiving their individual parts, suggesting the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

psychological phenomena can only be understood when viewed as organised, structured wholes, not when broken down into primitive perceptual elements.

Question 6

functionalism

Answer 6

The perspective on mind and behaviour that focuses on the examination of their functions in an organism’s interactions with the environment

Learned habits that enable organisms adapt to their enenvironment

Question 7

Founder of School of Functionalism

Answer 7

John Dewey (1859 - 1952). American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer

Question 8

First woman president of American Psychological Society

Answer 8

Mary Whiton Calkins ( 1863 - 1930) in 1905. Earlier Harvard had refused to grant a Doctor of Philosophy to her because she was a woman.

Question 9

First woman to receive PhD in psychology

Answer 9

Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939) received it in 1894 from Cornell University

Question 10

Woman who did early sex research

Answer 10

Helen Thompson Woolley (1874-1947)

Did her PhD at University of Chicago in 1900 compared 25 men with 25 women and concluded differences between sexes arose from social experiences and NOT from natural ability

Question 11

Leta Stetter Hollingworth (1886 - 1939) did what?

Answer 11

inspired by Helen Woolley, Hollingworth attacked claims that women were inferior to men with respect to their levels of creativity and intelligence

Also did early research on children.

Question 12

Anna Freud (1895-1982) with Sigmund

Answer 12

was the sixth and last child of Sigmund Freud and Martha Bernays

Born in Vienna, she followed the path of her father and contributed to the newly born field of psychoanalysis. Alongside Melanie Klein, she may be considered the founder of psychoanalytic child psychology: as her father put it, child analysis ‘had received a powerful impetus through “the work of Frau Melanie Klein and of my daughter, Anna Freud”’. Compared to her father, her work emphasized the importance of the ego and its ability to be trained socially.

Question 13

Three Australian pioneering women

Answer 13

1. Ethel Stoneman (1890-1973) - Psychology lecturer at Uni of WA
2. Constance Davey ( 1882-1963) - First psychologist in SA Education Dept. Taught at Uni of Adelaide
3. Jacqueline Goodnow (b. 1924) - Psychology honours at Sydney Uni and dissertation (research project) at Harvard. Won many international awards. Her worked centred on “understanding of cognitive processes, of thinking in a broad sense, with a focus on children”

Question 14

Aboriginal psychologist

Answer 14

Tracy Westerman who did doctoral work on the development of tools to measure the effects of cultural resilience on Aboriginal youth at risk of depression, anxiety and suicidal disorders