Ch.1: The Microbial World and You Flashcards
(38 cards)
minute living things that individually are usually to small to be seen with the unaided eye.
Microorgansims
7 types of microorganisms are:
- Bacteria
- Archae
- Fungi
- Virus
- Protozoa
- Algae
- Helminths
Only a minority of microorganisms are _______, Disease-producing.
Pathogenic
Scientific nomenclature assigns each organism two names: the _____ is the first name is always capitalized and the ______ follows and is not capitalized. Both names are italicized and underlined.
Genus (genera) and Specific epithet (species)
5 Key Characteristics of Bacteria
- simple-celled (unicellular) PROKARYOTES
- enclosed in cells walls (peptidoglycan carb-protein)
- Binary fission
- photosynthesis
- everywhere
4 Key Characteristics of Archaea
- PROKARYOTIC CELLS
- cell walls lacks peptidogylcan
- found in extreme environments
- Divided into three main groups
The three main groups of Archaea are:
- methanogens: produce methane gas
- halophiles: live in extreme salt loving environment
- thermophiles: hot sulforous water
4 Key Characteristics of Fungi:
- EUKARYOTIC CELLS
- uni/multicellular. Reproduce asexually or sexually
- cell walls composed of CHITIN
- obtain nourishment by absorbing solutions of organic material
5 key Characteristics of Protozoa:
- UNICELLULAR EURKARYOTIC MICROBES
- move by pseudopods, flagella, or cillia
- live either as free entities or as parasites
- absorb or ingest organic compounds from their environment
- some photosynthetic. Reproduce sexually/ asexually
3 key Characteristics of Algae:
- PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUKARYOTES
- both asexual/ sexual
- cell wall contain of cellulose
5 Key Characteristics of Viruses:
- So small can only be seen through an electric microscope
- ACELLULAR
- lipid membrane, core made of nucleic acid and dna/rna
- can reproduce only bu using the cellular machinery of other organisms.
- considered not to be living
Helminths are:
- multicellular animal parasites.
- not considered microorganisms but important in medical
- EUKARYOTES
- major groups of parasites are flatworms and round worms
The 3 Main Domains are:
- BACTERA (cell wall that contain peptidoglycan)
- ARCHAEA (cell walls that lack peptidoglycan)
- EUKARYA (protist, fungi, plants, and animals)
The ____ ________: the theory that all living things are composed of cells. FOUNDER ROBERT HOOKE.
Cell Theory
______ ____ _________ was the first person to actually observe live microorganisms through the magnifying lenses of more than 400 microscropes he constructed. He called them “animalcules”
Anton Van Leeuvenhoek
__________ __________: many scientist and philosophers believed that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter,
Spontaneous generation
_________: the claim that living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells, FOUNDER RUDOLF VIRCHOW
Biogenesis
Importance of Louis Pasteur’s work consisted of :
- PROOF THAT MICROORGANISMS ARE PRESENT IN THE AIR AND CAN CONTAMINATE STERILE SOLUTIONS
- proof that microOG can be present in nonliving matter
- creation of ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE:
Techniques that prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms. STANDARD PRACTICE
__________: use to make wine and beer
Fermentation
__________: heat the beer and wine just enough to kill most of the bacteria
Pasteurization
____ ______ _______: Microorganisms might cause disease.
Germ theory disease
Importance of LISTER
-applied the GTD to medical procedures. PHENOL (carbonic acid) kills bacteria. so he began treating surgical wounds with solution. REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF INFECTIONS AND DEATH
Importance of KOCH
- Anthrax (sheep) ISOLATED BACTERIA, KOCH POSTULATES.
