LAB: Microbial Control

Question 1

the removal or destruction of ALL LIVING MICROORGANISMS

Answer 1

Sterilization

Question 2

The most common method used for killing microbes is

Answer 2

heating

Question 3

a sterilizing agent is called a __________

liquids and gases can be sterilized by filtration

Answer 3

sterilant

Question 4

Type of sterilization in which food is subjected only to enough heat to destroy the endospores Clostridium botulinum which can produce a deadly toxin.

Answer 4

commercial sterilization

Question 5

control directed at destroying harmful microorganisms. USUALLY refers to the destruction of vegetatice pathogens. Make use of chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, boiling water or steam. Most commonly applied to the use of a chemical to treat an inert surface or substance

Answer 5

Disinfection

Question 6

Destruction of vegetative pathogens on LIVING TISSUE

Answer 6

antisepsis

Question 7

Removal of microbes from a limited area such as the skin around the injection site

Answer 7

degerming

Question 8

kills microorganisms

Answer 8

biocide/germicide

Question 9

inhibit the growth and multiplication of microorganisms

Answer 9

bacteriostasis

Question 10

decay or putrid

Answer 10

sepsis

Question 11

the absence of significant contamination

Answer 11

asepsis

Question 12

factors that influence the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments

Answer 12

number of microbes
environmental influences
time of exposure
microbial characteristics

Question 13

actions of microbial control agents include

Answer 13

alteration of membrane permeability

damage to proteins and nucleic acids

Question 14

How does altering the membrane permeability aid in microbial control?

Answer 14

Damaging the lipids or proteins of the plasma membrane causes cellular contents to leak into the surrounding medium and interferes with the growth of the cell

Question 15

How does damaging the proteins and nucleic acid of the microbes affect their function?

Answer 15

By damaging these nucleic acids by heat, radiation or chemicals, the cell can no longer replicate nor can it carry out normal metabolic functions.

Question 16

MODE OF ACTION AND RELIABLY ACTIVE AGAINST:

Bleach

Answer 16

oxidizes proteins, membranes, DNA
vegetative bacteria, fungi , viruses
DISINFECTANT

Question 17

MODE OF ACTION AND RELIABLY ACTIVE AGAINST:

60-80% alcohol

Answer 17

denatures proteins
damages lipid membranes
vegetative bacteria, fungi, enveloped viruses
Both antiseptic/disinfectant

Question 18

MODE OF ACTION AND RELIABLY ACTIVE AGAINST:

quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chloride)

Answer 18

damages lipid membranes
vegetative bacteria (except Pseudomonads), fungi, enveloped viruses
BOTH

Question 19

MODE OF ACTION AND RELIABLY ACTIVE AGAINST:

Hydrogen peroxide

Answer 19

produces reactive oxygen species that oxidize proteins, membranes, DNA
vegetative bacteria (more effective against anaerobes), fungi and viruses
BOTH

Question 20

MODE OF ACTION AND RELIABLY ACTIVE AGAINST:

Phenol (thymol)

Answer 20

denatures proteins, damages lipid membranes

veg. bacteria, fungi and enveloped viruses

Question 21

Active ingredient of : antibacterial hand soap

Answer 21

benzalkonium chloride

Question 22

Active ingredient of : hand sanitizer

Answer 22

ethyl alcohol

Question 23

Active ingredient of : Lysol (white)

Answer 23

bleach

Question 24

Active ingredient of : Lysol

Answer 24

hydrogen peroxide

Question 25

Active ingredient of : Assured

Answer 25

benzalkonium chloride

Question 26

Active ingredient of : Seventh generation

Answer 26

thymol

Question 27

kills microorganisms primarily by coagulating proteins which is caused by breakage of the hydrogen bonds that holds the proteins in their 3d structure. EX. boiling

Answer 27

moist heat sterilization

Question 28

the preferred method of sterilization. HEAT ABOVE THE TEMP OF BOILING WATER. Method is most effective when the organisms either are contacted by the steam directly or are contained in small volume of aq. liquid. WILL KILL ALL ORGANISMS

Answer 28

autoclave

Question 29

What method is used to test antibiotic susceptibility

Answer 29

kirby bauer disk diffusion method

Question 30

Steps on how to perform kirby bauer disk diffusion test

Answer 30

do not touch the plate with the device 4 drops of the four diff types of chemotherepeutic agent concentrated filter paper on the solid agar MAKE SURE THERE IS EQUAL SEPERATION from one another Place it right side up

Question 31

forms around the disk after a standard incubation; the larger the zone the more sensitive the microbe is to the antibiotic. Diameter in mm.

Answer 31

Zone of inhibition

Question 32

Bacilllus is most & least sensitive to:

Answer 32

vancomycin tetracycline Bacitracin ampicillin

Question 33

Staphylococcus is most & least sensitive to:

Answer 33

ampicillin vancomycin bacitracin tetracycline (resistant)

Question 34

E.coli is most & least sensitive to:

Answer 34

ampicilin tetracyline RESISTANT TO bacitracin and vancomycin

Question 35

Pseudomonas is most and least sensitive to:

Answer 35

RESISTANT TO ALL