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Microbiology > Ch. 10: Classification of Microorganisms > Flashcards

Ch. 10: Classification of Microorganisms Flashcards

1
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of the classification of organisms

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2
Q

Phylogeny

A

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms; phylogenetic relationships are evolutionary relationships

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3
Q

Systematics

A

The science organizing groups of organisms into a hierarchy

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4
Q

The Three Domains

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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5
Q

Bacteria

A

Domain of prokaryotic organisms, characterized by peptidoglycan cell walls

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6
Q

Archaea

A

Domain of prokaryotic cells lacking peptidoglycan

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7
Q

Eukarya

A

All eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, and protists)

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8
Q

Phylogenetic Tree of Life

A

is a branching diagram or “tree” showing the inferred evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities

Furthest from root of tree is the most recently evolved

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9
Q

discovered the domain Archae

A

Carl Woese

generated by comparing conserved ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences

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10
Q

Molecular Clock

A

an evolution timeline based on nucleotide sequences in organisms

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11
Q

Scientific Nomenclature

A

Genus and Specific Epithet

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12
Q

Taxonomic Hierarchy

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Strain (subspecies)

Linnaeus developed

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13
Q

Prokaryotic Species

A

A population of cells that share certain rRNA sequences; in conventional biochemical testing, it is a population of cells with similar characteristics

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14
Q

Culture

A

Grown in laboratory media

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15
Q

Clone

A

Population of cells derived from a single cell

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16
Q

Strain

A

Genetically different cells within a clone

17
Q

Classification

A

Placing organisms in groups of related species

18
Q

Identification

A

Matching characteristics of an “unknown” organism to lists of known organisms

19
Q

Identification Methods

A 
Morphological Characteristics
Differential Staining
Biochemical Tests
Serology
Phage typing
DNA Composition
20
Q

Morphological Characteristics

A

Useful for identifying eukaryotes

21
Q

Differential staining

A

Gram staining, acid-fast staining

22
Q

Biochemical Tests

A

Determines presence of bacterial enzymes

23
Q

Serology

A

Based on specific antibody binding to a microbe

24
Q

Phage typing

A

a phage is a bacterial virus that infects specific bacteria

25
Q

DNA Composition

A

The moles percentage of guanine plus cytosine in an organism’s DNA

Microbiology (26 decks)

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