Ch3: Elicited Behaviours and Classical Conditioning

Question 1

What is elicited behaviour?

Answer 1

behaviour drowned out by a preceding stimulus (responsive behaviour)

Question 2

What is reflex?

Answer 2

relatively simple, automatic response to a stimulus

Question 3

What is a startle response?

Answer 3

a defensive reaction to a sudden, unexpected stimulus

Question 4

What is an orienting response?

Answer 4

when we automatically position ourselves to facilitate attending to a stimulus

Question 5

What is a flexion response?

Answer 5

automatically jerk hand/foot away from a hot/sharp object that we have inadvertently contacted and the aformentioned startle reaction (fight/flight)

Question 6

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 6

a neural structure underlying some reflexes that consists of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron

Question 7

What is a fixed action pattern?

Answer 7

a fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus

Question 8

What is a sign stimulus?

Answer 8

specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern (species specific behaviours) - also called releaser

Question 9

What is habituation?

Answer 9

a decrease in the strength of an elicited behaviour following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus

Question 10

What is sensitisation?

Answer 10

an increase in the strength of an elicted behaviour following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus

Question 11

What is short-term habituation?

Answer 11

the responce quickly decreases as a result of repeated stimulation and the ability to respond then quickly recovers in the absence of stimulation (continuous/narrowly spaced)

Question 12

What is long-term habituation?

Answer 12

the response slowly decreases as a result of repeated stimulation and the ability to respond then slowly recovers in the absence of stimulation (gradual/paced)

Question 13

What is dishabituation?

Answer 13

habituated responses can also reappear following the presentation of a seemingly irrelevant novel stimulus (INTERUPTION)

Question 14

What factors can affect habituation and sensitisation?

Answer 14

intensity of stimulus, and evolutionary significance of the stimulus

Question 15

Explain opponent process theory?

Answer 15

proposes that an emotional event elicits two competing processes: a - primary, directly elicited by event, & b - opponent - elicited by the a process and serves to counteract

Question 16

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 16

a stimulus comes to elicit a responce because it has been paired with (or associated) with another stimulus

Question 17

What is an unconditional reflex?

Answer 17

consists of an US and an UR

Question 18

What is a conditioned reflex?

Answer 18

consists of a CS and CR

Question 19

What is appetitive conditioning

Answer 19

the unconditioned stimulus is an appetitive event (seeks out - eg overeating)

Question 20

What is aversive conditioning?

Answer 20

the unconditioned stimulus is an aversive event (avoid - eg fears)

Question 21

What is the equation for suppression ratio?

Answer 21

No. of CS responses / (No. of CS responses + No. of pre- CS responses)… lower ration=greater supression

Question 22

What is the reinforcement affect model of attraction?

Answer 22

the extent to which we are attracted to someone can be significantly affected by the degree to which the person is associated with events that elicit positive emotions

Question 23

What is excitatory conditioning?

Answer 23

conditioning in which the neutral stimulus is associated with the presentation of an US (CS comes to elicit a certain response - NS becomes CS)

Question 24

What is inhibitory conditioning?

Answer 24

conditioning in which the neutral stimulus is associated with the absense or removal of a US (another CS comes to inhibit the occurance of a certain stimulus

Question 25

What is delayed conditioning?

Answer 25

the onset of the NS precedes the onset of the US and the two stimuli overlap (most effective)

Question 26

What is trace conditioning?

Answer 26

the onset and offset of the NS precedes the onset of the US (NS before US - no overlap)

Question 27

What is simultaneous conditioning?

Answer 27

the onset of the NS and onset of the US occurs simultaneously (coincide exactly)

Question 28

What is backward conditioning?

Answer 28

the onset of the NS, follows the onset of the US (US first, NS second - least effective)

Question 29

What is temporal conditioning?

Answer 29

a form of CC in which the CS is the passage of time

Question 30

What is pseudoconditioning?

Answer 30

an elicited response that appears to be a CR is actually the result of sensitisation rather than conditioning

Question 31

What is rote learning?

Answer 31

repetition of particular stimuli

Question 32

Define aquisition.

Answer 32

initial stage of learning