Chapter 10

Question 1

self-fertilization produces offspring identical to the parent

Answer 1

true-breeding

Question 2

offspring are mixed

Answer 2

hybrid

Question 3

genetic makeup of an individual (written as a pair of letters)

Answer 3

genotype

Question 4

observable characteristics

Answer 4

phenotype

Question 5

both individuals are heterozygous for the gene

Answer 5

monohybrid cross

Question 6

two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes and move apart during gamete formation

Answer 6

law of segregation

Question 7

individuals are heterozygous for 2 genes

Answer 7

dihybrid cross

Question 8

during gamete formation, segregation of alleles for one gene doesn’t influence alleles for another gene

Answer 8

law of independent assortment

Question 9

genes that are carried on the same chromosome and inherited together

Answer 9

linked genes

Question 10

one gene’s product affects the expression of another gene

Answer 10

epistasis

Question 11

sex-encoding region of the Y; gene that activates male characteristics

Answer 11

SRY gene

Question 12

What is evidence for the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Answer 12

similar chromosomes pair with one another during meiosis; reproduction involves initial union of eggs and sperm

Question 13

What goes against the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Answer 13

there are many more traits than there are chromosomes

Question 14

3rd phenotype is intermediate between 2 homozygotes

Answer 14

incomplete dominance

Question 15

2 different alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype ex: blood types

Answer 15

codominance

Question 16

one gene has multiple effects on phenotype ex: Marfan syndrome connective tissue protein abnormality

Answer 16

pleiotropy

Question 17

cell shuts off all but one X chromosome; female expresses paternal X chromosome alleles in some cells and maternal alleles in others ex: Calico cats

Answer 17

X inactivation

Question 18

signal protein that can start apoptosis

Answer 18

p53

Question 19

Reverse

true-breeding

Answer 19

self-fertilization produces offspring identical to the parent

Question 20

Reverse

hybrid

Answer 20

offspring are mixed

Question 21

Reverse

genotype

Answer 21

genetic makeup of an individual (written as a pair of letters)

Question 22

Reverse

phenotype

Answer 22

observable characteristics

Question 23

Reverse

monohybrid cross

Answer 23

both individuals are heterozygous for the gene

Question 24

Reverse

law of segregation

Answer 24

two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes and move apart during gamete formation

Question 25

# Reverse dihybrid cross

Answer 25

individuals are heterozygous for 2 genes

Question 26

# Reverse law of independent assortment

Answer 26

during gamete formation, segregation of alleles for one gene doesn't influence alleles for another gene

Question 27

# Reverse linked genes

Answer 27

genes that are carried on the same chromosome and inherited together

Question 28

# Reverse epistasis

Answer 28

one gene's product affects the expression of another gene

Question 29

# Reverse SRY gene

Answer 29

sex-encoding region of the Y; gene that activates male characteristics

Question 30

# Reverse incomplete dominance

Answer 30

3rd phenotype is intermediate between 2 homozygotes

Question 31

# Reverse codominance

Answer 31

2 different alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype ex: blood types

Question 32

# Reverse pleiotropy

Answer 32

one gene has multiple effects on phenotype ex: Marfan syndrome connective tissue protein abnormality

Question 33

# Reverse X inactivation

Answer 33

cell shuts off all but one X chromosome; female expresses paternal X chromosome alleles in some cells and maternal alleles in others ex: Calico cats

Question 34

# Reverse p53

Answer 34

signal protein that can start apoptosis