Chapter 17

Question 1

region in prokaryotic cell where DNA is located

Answer 1

nucleoid

Question 2

circles of DNA apart from the chromosome that code for drug or toxin resistance, cause disease, or alter the cell’s metabolism

Answer 2

plasmids

Question 3

distinguishes between 2 types of cell walls

Answer 3

gram stain reaction

Question 4

sticky layer of proteins and polysaccharides that may surround cell wall

Answer 4

glycocalyx

Question 5

short, hairlike projections made of protein that allow cell to adhere to objects

Answer 5

pili

Question 6

response of cells toward or away from external stimuli

Answer 6

taxis

Question 7

dormant, thick-walled structure that enables some bacteria to survive harsh conditions

Answer 7

endospore

Question 8

require oxygen for generating ATP

Answer 8

obligate aerobes

Question 9

oxygen is toxic to them

Answer 9

obligate anaerobes

Question 10

can live with or without oxygen

Answer 10

facultative anaerobes

Question 11

bacteria and archaea transmit DNA from generation to generation

Answer 11

vertical gene transfer

Question 12

cell receives DNA from another cell that is not its ancestor

Answer 12

horizontal gene transfer

Question 13

3 methods for horizontal gene transfer

Answer 13

1. transformation
2. transduction
3. conjugation

Question 14

transformation

Answer 14

cell absorbs stray bits of DNA

Question 15

transduction

Answer 15

virus transfers host DNA and own DNA to bacterial cell