Chapter 3

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

smallest unit of life that can function independently

Question 2

early cell theory

Answer 2

• all organisms are made of 1+ cells
• the cell is the fundamental unit of life
• all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 3

features common to all cells

Answer 3

-DNA -RNA -ribosomes -cytoplasm -cell membrane

Question 4

ribosomes

Answer 4

manufacture proteins in cell

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

fluid in cell

Question 6

types of microscopes

Answer 6

-light -electron -scanning probe

Question 7

bacteria vs. archaea

Answer 7

• different type of cell wall
• archaea like extreme conditions

Question 8

nucleoid

Answer 8

where prokaryotic cell’s DNA congregates

Question 9

cell membrane

Answer 9

fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins

Question 10

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 10

hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails with embedded proteins

Question 11

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 11

ancient organism engulfed another organism and they remained partners (supported by existence of mitochondria and chloroplasts)

Question 12

messenger RNA

Answer 12

copy of DNA that binds to ribosomes in cytoplasm

Question 13

nuclear pores

Answer 13

holes in nuclear envelope

Question 14

nuclear envelope

Answer 14

double membrane surrounding nucleus

Question 15

nucleolus

Answer 15

dense spot in nucleus that assembles components of ribosomes

Question 16

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

folds and transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus

Question 17

rough ER

Answer 17

section that is studded with ribosomes that synthesize proteins

Question 18

smooth ER

Answer 18

synthesizes lipids and has enzymes that detox metabolic processes

Question 19

Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

completes protein folding and packages cell products for transport

Question 20

lysosomes

Answer 20

contain enzymes that break down cell waste

Question 21

vacuole

Answer 21

in plant cells; contains enzymes to break down cell waste

Question 22

peroxisomes

Answer 22

enzymes that dispose of toxic substances

Question 23

mitochondria

Answer 23

• use cellular respiration to extract ATP from food
• have own DNA, ribosomes

Question 24

cristae

Answer 24

folds in inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 25

chloroplast

Answer 25

-site of photosynthesis -has its own DNA

Question 26

cytoskeleton

Answer 26

structural framework that aids in cell division, movement, and interconnection

Question 27

3 components of cytoskeleton

Answer 27

- microfilaments - intermediate filaments - microtubules

Question 28

tight junction

Answer 28

fuses cells together to create impermeable barrier between them

Question 29

anchoring junction

Answer 29

connects adjacent cells in one place

Question 30

gap junction

Answer 30

protein channel that links cytoplasms of adjacent cells, allowing exchange of ions, nutrients

Question 31

# Reverse smallest unit of life that can function independently

Answer 31

cell

Question 32

# Reverse - all organisms are made of 1+ cells - the cell is the fundamental unit of life - all cells come from pre-existing cells

Answer 32

early cell theory

Question 33

# Reverse - DNA - RNA - ribosomes - cytoplasm - cell membrane

Answer 33

features common to all cells

Question 34

# Reverse manufacture proteins in cell

Answer 34

ribosomes

Question 35

# Reverse fluid in cell

Answer 35

cytoplasm

Question 36

# Reverse -light -electron -scanning probe

Answer 36

types of microscopes

Question 37

# Reverse - different type of cell wall - archaea like extreme conditions

Answer 37

bacteria vs. archaea

Question 38

# Reverse where prokaryotic cell's DNA congregates

Answer 38

nucleoid

Question 39

# Reverse fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins

Answer 39

cell membrane

Question 40

# Reverse hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails with embedded proteins

Answer 40

phospholipid bilayer

Question 41

# Reverse ancient organism engulfed another organism and they remained partners (supported by existence of mitochondria and chloroplasts)

Answer 41

endosymbiosis theory

Question 42

# Reverse copy of DNA that binds to ribosomes in cytoplasm

Answer 42

messenger RNA

Question 43

# Reverse holes in nuclear envelope

Answer 43

nuclear pores

Question 44

# Reverse double membrane surrounding nucleus

Answer 44

nuclear envelope

Question 45

# Reverse dense spot in nucleus that assembles components of ribosomes

Answer 45

nucleolus

Question 46

# Reverse folds and transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus

Answer 46

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 47

# Reverse section that is studded with ribosomes that synthesize proteins

Answer 47

rough ER

Question 48

# Reverse synthesizes lipids and has enzymes that detox metabolic processes

Answer 48

smooth ER

Question 49

# Reverse completes protein folding and packages cell products for transport

Answer 49

Golgi apparatus

Question 50

# Reverse contain enzymes that break down cell waste

Answer 50

lysosomes

Question 51

# Reverse in plant cells; contains enzymes to break down cell waste

Answer 51

vacuole

Question 52

# Reverse enzymes that dispose of toxic substances

Answer 52

peroxisomes

Question 53

# Reverse - use cellular respiration to extract ATP from food - have own DNA, ribosomes

Answer 53

mitochondria

Question 54

# Reverse folds in inner membrane of mitochondria

Answer 54

cristae

Question 55

# Reverse - site of photosynthesis - has its own DNA

Answer 55

chloroplast

Question 56

# Reverse structural framework that aids in cell division, movement, and interconnection

Answer 56

cytoskeleton

Question 57

# Reverse - microfilaments - intermediate filaments - microtubules

Answer 57

3 components of cytoskeleton

Question 58

# Reverse fuses cells together to create impermeable barrier between them

Answer 58

tight junction

Question 59

# Reverse connects adjacent cells in one place

Answer 59

anchoring junction

Question 60

# Reverse protein channel that links cytoplasms of adjacent cells, allowing exchange of ions, nutrients

Answer 60

gap junction