Chapter 6 Flashcards
(26 cards)
3 ways to make ATP from food
- aerobic cellular respiration
- anaerobic
- fermentation
equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
3 main processes of cellular respiration
- glycolysis
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain
oxidation-reduction reaction for cellular respiration
glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced
what happens in glycolysis?
glucose splits into 2 3-carbon pyruvate molecules
what are the products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADPH
what happens in the Krebs cycle?
pyruvate is oxidized, releasing CO2
what happens to electrons in Krebs cycle?
they are transferred to ATP, NADPH, FADH2
what happens in ETC?
electrons are passed through series of membrane proteins
where does energy come from in ETC?
potential energy in gradient of hydrogen ions
what are the products of the ETC?
ATP, H2O
what is the role of O2 in the ETC?
electron acceptor at the end of the chain
where does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
cristae
folds in inner membrane of mitochondria, studded with electron transport proteins and ATP synthase
intermembrane compartment
area between 2 membranes in mitochondria
mitochondrial matrix
space enclosed within the inner membrane where the Krebs cycle happens
what happens during the transition step?
pyruvate is oxidized, releasing CO2 and forming acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
compound that enters the Krebs cycle
substrate-level phosphorylation
(doesn’t require a proton gradient or ATP synthase)
enzyme transfers a phosphate group directly to ADP
how is ATP generated in glycolysis?
substrate-level phosphorylation
what performs anaerobic respiration?
bacteria and archaea; animal cells that lack O2
how is anaerobic different from aerobic respiration?
molecule other than O2 is electron acceptor at end of ETC
what performs fermentation?
microorganisms like bacteria, yeasts with access to lots of sugar
at which stage in fermentation is ATP produced?
glycolysis
