Chapter 10: Projectile and Satellite Motion (from Lecture Slide)

Question 1

Projectile

Answer 1

Any object that moves through the air or space under the influence of gravity, continuing in motion by its own inertia

Question 2

Trajectory

Answer 2

The path of the projectile

Question 3

Projectile motion are three examples of

Answer 3

1) An object thrown vertically upward
2) An object thrown upward at an angle to be horizontal
3) An object dropped from rest

Question 4

Without gravity, a tossed object follows a

Answer 4

Straight line path

Question 5

With gravity, the same object tossed at an angle follows a

Answer 5

Curved path

Question 6

Projectile motion is a combination of

Answer 6

A horizontal component and a vertical component

Question 7

Acceleration due to gravity only affects the

Answer 7

Y-axis motion (vertical velocity)

Question 8

Projectile motion: Horizontal component

Answer 8

No horizontal force component equal to constant velocity

Question 9

Projectile travels equal horizontal distances in

Answer 9

Equal time periods

Question 10

Projectile motion: Vertical component

Answer 10

Affected by the acceleration due to gravity

Question 11

Gravitational force is downward so projectiles accelerates

Answer 11

Downward

Question 12

Slow down on the way and speeds up on the way

Answer 12

Down

Question 13

Combining the horizontal and vertical components produces a

Answer 13

“Curved path” referred to as a parabola

Question 14

Parabola

Answer 14

Curved path of a projectile that undergoes acceleration only in the vertical direction, while moving horizontally at a constant speed

Question 15

1. Consider a cannonball launched horizontally, gravity causes the cannonball to accelerate downward at a rate of 9.8 m/s^2

Answer 15

1) Y-component of velocity only points downward (only falls)
2) X-component of velocity remains constant

Question 16

2. Consider a cannonball launched upward at an angle to the horizontal

Answer 16

1) Horizontal velocity component same as before, remains constant
2) Vertical velocity component is different, the cannonball now rises before falling

Question 17

The velocity of a typical projectile can be represented by horizontal and vertical components. Assuming negligible air resistance, the horizontal component along the path of the projectile

Answer 17

Remain the same

Question 18

When no air resistance acts on a fast moving baseball moving in a parabolic path, its acceleration is

Answer 18

Downward

Question 19

As the projectile rises toward its max height, it is

Answer 19

Slowing down

Question 20

As it falls from its max height, the magnitude of the vertical velocity is

Answer 20

Increasing

Question 21

The vertical velocity one second before reaching its peak is the same as

Answer 21

The vertical velocity one second after falling from its max height

Question 22

Although different directions, magnitudes are

Answer 22

Equal

Question 23

Assuming negligible air resistance, the vertical component along the path of the projectile

Answer 23

Changes throughout

Question 24

Launch angle determines the range and maximum height that an object will

Answer 24

Experience after being launched

Question 25

The same object being launched at the same speed but different

Answer 25

Angle

Question 26

Maximum height occurs for a launch at

Answer 26

90 degrees

Question 27

Maximum range occurs for launch at

Answer 27

45 degrees

Question 28

Same range obtained from

Answer 28

Complementary angles

Question 29

A projectile is launched at an angle into the air. Neglecting air resistance, what is its vertical acceleration? Its horizontal acceleration?

Answer 29

g in the vertical, zero acceleration in the horizontal

Question 30

Without air resistance, the time for a projectile to reach maximum height is

Answer 30

Halfway between when it was launched and when it descends to its initial height

Question 31

In the presence of air resistance, the path of a high-speed projectile falls

Answer 31

Below the idealized parabola

Question 32

With no air resistance: time up equal to

Answer 32

Times down

Question 33

With no air resistance: 45 degrees gives

Answer 33

Max range

Question 34

With air resistance: Time up is less than

Answer 34

Times down

Question 35

With air resistance: Max range occurs at

Answer 35

Less from 25 degrees to 34 degrees

Question 36

Downward resistance forces are greater on the way up than the way

Answer 36

Down, the net effect is to spend less than in the air

Question 37

Satellite

Answer 37

A projectile that falls around Earth rather than onto it

Question 38

Sufficient tangential velocity needed for

Answer 38

Orbit

Question 39

With no air resistance to reduce speed

Answer 39

A satellite orbits Earth indefinitely

Question 40

Satellite are an example of

Answer 40

A high speed projectile

Question 41

A high speed is required to

Answer 41

Launch the satellite so that it may overcome Earth's gravitational pull and enter maintain its orbit

Question 42

The Moon does not crash into Earth because

Answer 42

Moon has a sufficient tangential speed

Question 43

Planet would crash into the Sun, if it weren't for

Answer 43

Their tangential velocities

Question 44

A weightless astronauts in an orbiting satellite is

Answer 44

Like the satellite, pulled by Earth's gravitation

Question 45

Satellites are above Earth's atmosphere where they are free of air drag that would

Answer 45

Reduce their tangential/ orbit speed

Question 46

When a projectile is launched horizontally, its initial vertical velocity is

Answer 46

Zero

Question 47

Projectile starts to fall immediately due to

Answer 47

Earth's gravity

Question 48

Reminder: Horizontal and vertical components of projectile motion are:

Answer 48

Independent and they do not affect each other

Question 49

From the same height, an increase or decrease in horizontal velocity will not affect the

Answer 49

Vertical component or the fall time of a projectile will take the same time to hit the ground

Question 50

For an orbit, falling distance must match

Answer 50

Earth's curvature

Question 51

A satellite in a circular orbits speeds is:

Answer 51

Great enough to ensure that its falling distance matches Earth's curvature

Question 52

A satellite in a circular orbits speeds is constant:

Answer 52

Only direction changes

Question 53

A satellite in a circular orbits speeds is not affect by gravity:

Answer 53

X-component and y-component independent

Question 54

When you toss a projectile sideways, it curves as it falls. It will be an Earth's satellite if the curve it follows

Answer 54

Matches the curved surface of Earth

Question 55

In circular orbit, the speed of a satellite is

Answer 55

Not change by gravity and speed isn't increased or decreased

Question 56

The gravitational force is always perpendicular to

Answer 56

The direction of motion of the satellites

Question 57

Changing direction of the satellite keep it following that

Answer 57

Curved path

Question 58

A satellite in a circular orbits motion is perpendicular to

Answer 58

The force of gravity acting on it and provides a centripetal force (Fg = Fc)

Question 59

With a speed of 8 km/s, the curved path of the satellite and the curve of Earth's surface are:

Answer 59

Match all the way around the planet (8km)

Question 60

When a satellite travels at a constant speed, the shape of its path is

Answer 60

A circle

Question 61

The higher the orbit of a satellite (greater r)

Answer 61

The less its speed, the longer its path, and the longer its period

Question 62

The period of an Earth's satellite depends on the satellite's

Answer 62

Radial distance from Earth

Question 63

Launching a satellite into orbit requires control over

Answer 63

Speed and distance that carries it above the atmosphere

Question 64

What happen if the projectile is given a horizontal speed somewhat greater than 8 km/s?

Answer 64

An elliptical orbit

Question 65

Ellipse: A planet curve surrounding two focal points, such that for:

Answer 65

All points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant

Question 66

A circle is

Answer 66

A special type of ellipse where the two focal points are the same

Question 67

1) If initial speed exceeds that needed for

Answer 67

Circular orbit, the satellite overshoots a circular path and moves away from Earth

Question 68

2) Satellites loses speed as

Answer 68

It gets futher, and then regains speed it as it falls back toward Earth

Question 69

3) It rejoins its original path with the

Answer 69

Same speed it had initially

Question 70

Satellites in elliptical orbit speed up when they are closer to

Answer 70

The Earth due to stronger gravitational force and slow down as they move away because gravitational force decreases with distance.

Question 71

Johannes Kepler found the motion of planets was not

Answer 71

Circular, rather, it was elliptical and first law of planetary motion

Question 72

White dwarf star is obliterated, sending its

Answer 72

Debris hurtling into space

Question 73

Debris is critical for enriching surrounding space with

Answer 73

Heavier element

Question 74

Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion: The path of the planet around the Sun is

Answer 74

An ellipse with the Sun at one focus

Question 75

Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion: The line from the Sun to any planet sweeps out:

Answer 75

Equal areas of space in equal time intervals

Question 76

Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion: The square of the orbital period (T) of a planet is

Answer 76

Directly proportional to the cube of the average distance of the planet from the Sun (for all planets)

Question 77

Object in motion possesses KE due to its motion

Answer 77

KE dependent on mass and velocity

Question 78

Object above Earth's surface possesses PE by virtue of its position

Answer 78

PE dependent on mass, height, and g

Question 79

Satellite in orbit possesses KE and PE

Answer 79

Sum of KE and PE is constant at all points in the orbit = Energy is conserved

Question 80

Whether in circular or elliptical motion, there are no external force capable of

Answer 80

Altering the total energy

Question 81

PE, KE, and speed in circular orbit: Distance between the satellite and center of the attracting body

Answer 81

Does not change

Question 82

Height (h) of satellite above Earth

Answer 82

Does not change and PE is the same everywhere

Question 83

No components of force acts along

Answer 83

The direction of motion and speed and KE remain constant

Question 84

KE and PE vary in

Answer 84

Elliptical orbits

Question 85

1) PE is greatest when the satellite is

Answer 85

Farthest away

Question 86

2) PE is least when the satellite is

Answer 86

Closest

Question 87

3) KE is least when PE is

Answer 87

The most and vice versa

Question 88

4) At every point in the orbit are

Answer 88

Sum of KE and PE is the same

Question 89

The conservation of energy applies to satellites in

Answer 89

Both circular and elliptical orbit

Question 90

When the potential energy of a satellite decreases

Answer 90

Its kinetic energy corresponding increases

Question 91

Minimum speed required to

Answer 91

Escape an object's gravitational pull

Question 92

If you throw something with a fast enough speed, the time required for it to

Answer 92

Slow to a stop becomes infinite.

Question 93

When a projectile achives escape speed from Earth, it

Answer 93

Outruns the influence of Earth's gravity but is never beyond it

Question 94

Voyages to the Moon, Mars, and beyond begin with

Answer 94

Launch that exceed escape speed from Earth