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Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) > Chapter 7: Energy (From Lecture Slide) > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Energy (From Lecture Slide) Flashcards

1
Q

Energy

A

A property that can be used to determine how an object can change its state of motion or its physical shape

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2
Q

Energy existed in

A

Potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, or other various forms

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3
Q

All forms of energy are associated with

A

Motion

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4
Q

Principle conservation of energy

A

Energy can be neither created nor destroyed but only changed from one form to another

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5
Q

Energy is the property of a system that enables it to do

A

Work

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6
Q

Energy observed when it is

A

Being transferred or being transformed

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7
Q

Energy any given body has kinetic energy if it is in

A

Motion

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8
Q

A bow or spring has the potential for creating

A

Motion; it contains potential energy

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9
Q

Nuclear energy is

A

Potential energy becuase it results from the configuration of subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom

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10
Q

Energy (Definition) is the

A

Property of a system that can be used to do work or to heat

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11
Q

Energy can be transferred but

A

Total amount in the universe does not change

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12
Q

Work

A

How long the force acts over a distance

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12
Q

Matter is

A

Substance we can see, smell, and feel and has mass and occupies space

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13
Q

Impulse

A

How long the force acts over time interval

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14
Q

A transfer of energy over a distance by

A

Some applied external force

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14
Q

Work are include three mains part of the conceptually

A

1) Involves force and distance
2) Is force times distance
3) In equation form: W = Fd

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15
Q

Two things occur whenever work is done:

A

1) A force acts on an object
2) The object subject to the force

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16
Q

If you push against a stationary brick wall for several minutes, you do not work

A

You may do work on your muscles, which stretch and contract, but not on the wall because the wall does not move

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16
Q

Twice as much work is

A

Done in lifting two loads 1 story high versus lifting 1 load the same vertical distance

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16
Q

Why twice as much work is?

A

Force needed to lift twice, the load is twice as much

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16
Q

Is there work being done in lifiting the barbell?

A

There is a force required to lift the weight of the barbell off the ground to a distance above the weightlifter’s head.

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16
Q

Work is done in lifiting a barbell. How much work is done in lifting a barbell that is twice as heavy the same distance?

A

This is in accord with work equals to the force x distance. Twice the force for the same distance means twice the work done on the barbell

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16
Q

You do work when pushing a cart with a constant force. If you push the cart twice as far, then the work you do is

A

Twice as much

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17
Q

A job can be done slowly or quickly. These methods require the same amount of work, but different amounts of

A

Power is the rate of which work is done, so doing the job faster requires more power

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18
Q

Mechanical energy is

A

In each something has been acquired that these object to do enables work

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19
Q

Mechanical energy is

A

Due to position or to or both these motions

20
Q

There are two form of mechanical energy are

A

1) Potential
2) Kinetic

21
Q

Potential energy: an object has by means of position

A

Stored energy held in readiness with a potential

22
Q

Gravitaitional potential energy

A

Work is required to elevated objects against Earth’s gravity

23
Q

The potential energy due to

A

Elevated

23
Q

Whenever work is done to

A

Lift and energy is exchanged

24
Q

The amount of gravitational potential energy possessed by an elevated object is

A

Equal to the work done against gravity in lifting it

25
Q

The height is the distance above some chosen

A

A reference level such as the ground or the floor of a building.

26
Q

Does a crate lifted by a pulley have increased potential energy relative to the floor?

A

If the crate were twice as heavy, its increase in potential energy would be twice as great

27
Q

Does a car hoisted for repairs in a service station have increased potential energy relative to the floor?

A

Yes, if the car were twice as heavy, its increase in potential energy would be twice as great

28
Q

What happen if the ball rolls down the end of the ramp?

A

Potential energy changes into kinetic energy

29
Q

If an object is moving, it is capable of doing work

A

Depends on mass and speed

30
Q

If an object’s speed is doubled, its kinetic energy is

A

Quadruptle

31
Q

Does a car with momentum have kinetic energy?

A

Yes, because the car is in motion - Anything in motion necessarily has kinetic energy, regardless of whether it is accelerating or not

32
Q

Net work is based on

A

The net force applied to the object and net force is combined with applied force and friction force

33
Q

The net work equals the change in

A

Kinetic energy

34
Q

Any change in kinetic energy is the restoring

A

Thermal energy

35
Q

Only part of the total work that you do changes the object’s

A

Kinetic energy

36
Q

The rest is changed by friction into

A

Thermal energy

37
Q

How does energy transform?

A

Energy can change one form to another, and one location to another: heat and electromagnetic

38
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of work

39
Q

Comparing kinetic energy and momentum (similarities)

A

Similarities between momentum and kinetic energy are both are properties of moving things

40
Q

Comparing kinetic energy and momentum (differences)

A

1) Momentum is a vector quantity and therefore is directional and can be canceled
2) Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity and can never be canceled

41
Q

An object moving with twice the velocity of another with the same mass, has

A

Twice the momentum but four times the kinetic energy

42
Q

Machine device for

A

Multiplying forces or changing the direction of forces

43
Q

Principle of underlying of every machine is

A

Conservation of energy

44
Q

Machine cannot create energy but can transform energy

A

From one form to another or transfer energy from one location to another

45
Q

Example of simple machines are

A

1) Lever
2) Pulley

46
Q

Lever rotates on a point of support called

A

The fulcrum

47
Q

Lever arms allows a small force over a large distance to

A

Induce a large force over a short distance

48
Q

We do work on one end of the lever and the other end

A

Does work on the load

49
Q

Fulcrum and point of support

A

It is closer to load (weight), small force over larger distance equal to larger force over a smaller distance

50
Q

Pulley operates like a lever with

A

Equal arms, changes the direction of the input force

51
Q

Lever and pullies are

A

Ideal system and operate at 100% efficiency (100% of work input = 100% of work ouput)

52
Q

Energy is lost (dissipiated) through

A

Molecular kinetic energy and thermal energy

53
Q

The lower the effficiency of a machine,

A

The greater the percentage of energy is lost to thermal energy

54
Q

Efficiency

A

Percentage of work put into a machine that is converted into useful work output

55
Q

Source of Energy: Concentrated energy

A

1) Nuclear Power
2) Stored in uranium and plutonium
3) By product is geothermal energy
4) Held in underground reservoirs of hot water to provide steam that can drive turbogenerators

Physics 130: Lecture Slide (Chapter Review) (23 decks)

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