Chapter 12: Solids Flashcards
Atoms in a solid are arranged in
A repeating or periodic array called a crystal
Metals, salts, and most minerals - the materials of Earth are
Made up of crystals
If you shine an x-ray beam on a solid and it produces an
X-ray diffraction pattern, this is evidence of the crystalline nature of the solid
X-ray wavelengths is
0.1 nm - 10 nm
Distance between atoms in a solid were
10 nm
Solids that do not have atoms arranged in a repeating or periodic array are called
Amorphous solids
Crystal structure: The following kinds of bonds can exist between atoms in a solid
1) Ionic
2) Covalent
3) Metallic
4) Van der Waals - the weakest
The properties of a solid are
Dependent upon the kind of bonds that exists between the atoms
Density
Amount of mass per unit volume
When the volume of the bread is reduced, its density
Increases
Density depends on the mass and the spacing between atoms in the material
1) Is an intrisic property of the material
2) A degree of “compactness”
3) Independent of the quantity
4) Independent of gravity
Density sometimes also expressed as
Weight density
If an object is cut in half, its density
Remains the same
Density is a ratio of mass to
Volume, and this ratio is greater for any amount of lead than for any amount of aluminum
An object subjected to external forces may undergo changes in
Shape and or/size
A body’s elasticity is
A measure of how much it changes when a deforming force is exerted on it and how well it returns to its original shape
Material that requires more force to stretch are
More elastic
Materials that do not return to their original shape are
Inelastic
The same amount of force is applied to a steel wire and a rubber wire of equal length and diameter. Which is more elastic?
Steel
When you hang a weight on a spring, the weigh applies a force to
The spring, and this stretches the spring
Hooke’s Law
The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied to it
Applied force on a spring is proportional to
The displacement of the spring from its equilibrium position
Displacement can be in the form of
Extension or compression of the spring
The spring constant “k” represents the
“Stiffness” of a spring
