Chapter 19: Vibrations and Waves

Question 1

A vibration is

Answer 1

A periodic wiggle in time

Question 2

A periodic wiggle in both space and time is

Answer 2

A wave

Question 3

A wave extends from

Answer 3

One place to another

Question 4

Light is

Answer 4

An electromagnetic wave that needs no medium

Question 5

Sound is

Answer 5

A mechanical wave that needs a medium

Question 6

If we suspends a stone at the end of a piece of string, we have a

Answer 6

Simple pendulum

Question 7

The period of the pendulum depends only on the

Answer 7

Length of the pendulum

Question 8

The longer the length of a pendulum, the longer the

Answer 8

Period

Question 9

Just as the higher you drop a ball, the longer it takes to

Answer 9

Reach the ground

Question 10

A wave is pictorially represented by a

Answer 10

Sine curve

Question 11

A sine curve is

Answer 11

Obtained when you trace out the path of a vibrating pendulum over time

Question 12

When a bob vibrates up and down, a marking pen traces out a sine curve on the paper that

Answer 12

Moves horizontally at constant speed

Question 13

Vibration and wave characteristics

Answer 13

1) Crest
2) Troughs

Question 14

Crest

Answer 14

High points of the wave

Question 15

Troughs

Answer 15

Low points of the wave

Question 16

Amplitude

Answer 16

Distance from the midpoint to the crest or to the trough

Question 17

Wavelength

Answer 17

Distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next crest, or distance between successive identical parts of the wave

Question 18

How frequently a vibration occurs is called the

Answer 18

Frequency

Question 19

The unit for frequency is

Answer 19

Hertz (Hz) after Heinrich Hertz

Question 20

A frequency of 1 Hz is

Answer 20

A vibration that occurs once each second

Question 21

Short wavelength

Answer 21

High frequency and high energy

Question 22

Long wavelength

Answer 22

Low frequency and low energy

Question 23

Frequency

Answer 23

1) Specifies the number of to and fro vibration in a given time
2) Number of waves passing any point per second

Question 24

Period is

Answer 24

Time to complete one vibration and inversely proportional to frequency

Question 25

Wave motion

Answer 25

Waves transport energy and not matter

Question 26

Two common types of waves

Answer 26

1) Longitudinal wave 2) Transverse wave

Question 27

Two differences wave because of

Answer 27

The direction the medium vibrates compared with the direction of travel

Question 28

Longitudinal wave

Answer 28

Medium vibrates parallel to direction of energy transfer

Question 29

Backward and forward movement consist of

Answer 29

1) Compression (wave compressed) 2) Rarefractions (stretched region between compressions)

Question 30

Transverse wave

Answer 30

Medium vibrates perpendicularly to direction of energy transfer up and down movement

Question 31

The distance between adjacent peaks in the direction of travel for a transverse wave is its

Answer 31

Wavelength

Question 32

The vibrations along a transverse wave move in a direction

Answer 32

Perpendicular to the wave

Question 33

The wavelength of a longitudinal wave is the distance between

Answer 33

Successive compressions and rarefactions

Question 34

Wave speed describes

Answer 34

How fast a disturbance moves through a medium

Question 35

Wave speed related to

Answer 35

Frequency, period, and wavelength of a wave

Question 36

Wave interference occurs when

Answer 36

Two or more waves interact with each other because they occur in the same place at the same time

Question 37

Superposition principle: The displacement due the interference of wave is

Answer 37

Determined by adding the disturbances produced by each wave

Question 38

Constructive interference

Answer 38

1) Crest of one wave overlaps the crest of another 2) Individual effects add together to produce a wave of increased amplitude

Question 39

Destructive interference

Answer 39

1) Crest of one wave overlaps the trough of another 2) High part of one wave fills the low part of another 3) Individual effects are reduced or even canceled out

Question 40

Superposition principle amplitude were

Answer 40

Adding and subtracting

Question 41

Interference pattern made when

Answer 41

Two vibrating objects touch the surface of water

Question 42

Regions where a crest of one wave overlaps the trough of

Answer 42

Another produce regions of zero amplitude

Question 43

Point along these regions, wave arrive

Answer 43

Out of phase with each other

Question 44

Sound wave - louder sound is the result of the

Answer 44

Principle of resonance

Question 45

Resonance is caused by the fact that the sound waves reflected from

Answer 45

The closed end of the tube return to the top and reinforce the waves from the tuning fork and constructive interference

Question 46

The wave interference tie a rope to a wall and shake the free

Answer 46

End up and down to produce a train of waves

Question 47

Wave are reflected back

Answer 47

Along the rope

Question 48

By shaking the rope just right, we can cause the incident and reflected waves to form a

Answer 48

Standing waves - combination of two waves moving in opposite directions

Question 49

Nodes

Answer 49

Regions of minimal or zero displacement with minimal or zero energy

Question 50

Antinodes

Answer 50

Regions of maximum displacement and maximum energy

Question 51

Antinodes and nodes occur

Answer 51

Equally apart from each other

Question 52

Doopler effect

Answer 52

Change in frequency due to motion of the source

Question 53

If observer or source moves toward each other, wave frequency is

Answer 53

Increasing

Question 54

If observer or source moves away from each other, wave frequency is

Answer 54

Decreasing

Question 55

Higher and lower frequency were equally to

Answer 55

Higher and lower pitch sound

Question 56

Light blue shift

Answer 56

Increase in light frequency toward the blue end of the visible spectrum

Question 57

Light red shift

Answer 57

Decrease in light frequency toward the red end of the visible spectrum

Question 58

The star and planet orbit their

Answer 58

Center of mass

Question 59

Spectral lines move toward the red as the start travels

Answer 59

Away from us

Question 60

Spectral lines move toward the blue as the start travels

Answer 60

Toward to us

Question 61

Wave barrier: wave superimpose directly on top of

Answer 61

One another producing a wall

Question 62

Supersonic

Answer 62

Aircraft flying faster than the speed of sound

Question 63

Bow wave

Answer 63

V-shaped form of overlapping waves when object travels faster than wave speed

Question 64

An increase in speed will produce a narrower V-shape of

Answer 64

Overlapping waves

Question 65

Shock wave

Answer 65

Pattern of overlapping spheres that form a cone from objects traveling faster than the speed of sound

Question 66

Shock waves consists of two cones

Answer 66

1) A high-pressure cone 2) A low-pressure cone

Question 67

A high pressure cone generated at the bow of the

Answer 67

Supersonic aircraft

Question 68

A low pressure cone that follows toward (or at) the tail of

Answer 68

The craft

Question 69

Sonic boom sharp cracking sound generated by

Answer 69

A supersonic aircraft

Question 70

Sonic boom intensity due to

Answer 70

Overpressure and under pressure of atmospheric pressure between the two cones of the shock waves