Chapter 2: Inertia (from Lecture Slide)

Question 1

Aristotle

Answer 1

One of the first pioneers to try to study and identify motion through classification

Question 2

Two types of motion

Answer 2

Natural motion and violent motion

Question 3

4 Greek States of Matter

Answer 3

Earth, water, air and fire (solid, liquid, gas and heat)

Question 4

Natural Motion

Answer 4

1) Motion based on intrinsic properties of the object
2) Every object has a proper place and will strive to return to it

Question 5

Unnatural (Violent) Motion

Answer 5

Produced by external pushes or pulls on objects (forces)

Question 6

Summary of Aristotle on Motion

Answer 6

1) People followed his beliefs… for 2000 years
2) The normal (natural) state of objects is one of the rest

Question 7

Through Earth must be in its proper place

Answer 7

A state of rest, and Earth must not move

Question 8

Geocentrism

Answer 8

Universe with Earth at center, planets and Sun orbit Earth in perfect circle (church beliefs)

Question 9

Heliocentrism (Heliocentric Model)

Answer 9

1) Sun-centered
2) All celestial bodies revolve around the sun

Question 10

Published Work

Answer 10

1) On the Revolution of the Celestial Sphere
2) Heliocentric Theory
3) Alternative model to geocentrism

Question 11

Problems with the Medieval Church

Answer 11

1) Fear of Prosecution
2) God put Earth at the center of the universe (supports geocentric model)

Question 12

Italian Astronomer and Physicists

Answer 12

Followed Copernicus beliefs (Heliocentrism)

Question 13

Disproved Aristotle on Geocentrism

Answer 13

Phase of Venus

Question 14

Disproved Aristotle’s Falling Bodies Hypothesis with Leaning Tower Experiment

Answer 14

Objects of different weights fall at nearly the same rate

Question 15

More problems with the church

Answer 15

1) Accused him of heresy
2) Ordered to be imprisoned and secluded

Question 16

Venus phases prove it

Answer 16

Orbits the Sun

Question 17

Galileo demolished Aristotle’s assertion in

Answer 17

The early 1500s

Question 18

Galileo’s discovery object of

Answer 18

Different weights fall to the ground at the same time in the absence of air resistance

Question 19

A moving object needs no force to keep it moving in

Answer 19

The absences of friction

Question 20

Free fall and

Answer 20

Inertia

Question 21

If there is no interference with a moving object, it will:

Answer 21

Keep moving in a straight line forever, no push, pull, or force of any kind is necessary

Question 22

Galileo observed balls rolling down different curves

Answer 22

If smooth surface is used the ball got closer to its original height (Height at the starting point)

Question 23

Galileo reasoned that the ball would get to

Answer 23

The original height if there were no friction

Question 24

Slope downward

Answer 24

Speed increases

Question 25

Slope upward

Answer 25

Speed decreases

Question 26

No slope? Does speed change?

Answer 26

Neither

Question 27

Downward slope, the object will

Answer 27

Pick up speed

Question 28

Upward slope, the object will

Answer 28

Lose speed

Question 29

A ball on a horizontal plane, it maintains

Answer 29

Its speed indefinitely

Question 30

If the ball comes to rest, it is

Answer 30

Not

Question 31

Weight does not affect

Answer 31

Speed of fall (with negligible air resistance)

Question 32

In the absence of retarding forces (friction, drag, etc...) the tendency of an object is

Answer 32

To move forever without slowing down

Question 33

The use of inclined planes for Galileo's experiment helped him to

Answer 33

Discover the property called inertia

Question 34

A force is

Answer 34

A push or a pull

Question 35

Inertia

Answer 35

1) Property of matter to resist changes in motion 2) No force? moving objects will continue moving 3) Dependent on the amount of matter in an object (its mass)

Question 36

Newton used Galileo's observation to conclude that a force is

Answer 36

Not needed to keep an object in motion

Question 37

Newton's First Law of Motion

Answer 37

1) Invention of Calculus 2) Universal Gravitation 3) Theory of Color 4) Newton's 3 Laws of Motion

Question 38

An object at rest tends to stay

Answer 38

At rest

Question 39

An object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction, unless:

Answer 39

Acted upon by an unbalanced external force

Question 40

Every object continues in a state of rest or at uniform speed in a straight line unless

Answer 40

Acted on by a nonzero net force

Question 41

An object continues to do whatever it happens to be doing unless

Answer 41

A force is exerted upon it

Question 42

If it is at rest, it continues in

Answer 42

A state of rest

Question 43

If an object is moving, it continues to move without

Answer 43

Turning or changing its speed

Question 44

Newton's First Law of Motion (Mass)

Answer 44

1) Quantity of matter 2) Measure of inertia 3) Not the same as weight 4) Measured in kilograms

Question 45

More mass equal to

Answer 45

More inertia

Question 46

More inertia equal to

Answer 46

More resistant to change its state of motion

Question 47

Less mass equal to

Answer 47

Less inertia

Question 48

Less inertia equal to

Answer 48

Less resistant to change its state of motion

Question 49

Galileo's absence of a force, which is mean?

Answer 49

Moving objects will continue moving

Question 50

What is Newton's refined from?

Answer 50

1) Galileo's observation 2) First Law

Question 51

Net forces and vectors changes in motion are produced by

Answer 51

A force or combination of forces

Question 52

A Force is

Answer 52

A push or a pull

Question 53

A force are included:

Answer 53

Gravitational, electric, magnetic, muscular effort