Chapter 10 Taxonomy

Question 0

Evolutionary history of a group or organism

Answer 0

Phylogeny

Question 1

Science of classifying organisms with the goal of showing relationships among organisms

Answer 1

Taxonomy

Question 2

Shows evolutionary or phylogenetic relationships among organisms

Answer 2

Taxonomic hierarchy

Question 3

Originates the 2 kingdom system of taxonomy 350 bc

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds & mammals

Answer 4

Animalia

Question 5

Grasses
Herbs
Shrubs
Trees

Answer 5

Plantae

Question 6

Modernized classification & naming system

Answer 6

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 7

Plant & animal kingdom

Answer 7

Linnaeus

Question 8

Bacteria & Fungi put in plant kingdom

Answer 8

Nageli

Question 9

Kingdom Protista proposed for bacteria, Protozoa, algae, and fungi

Answer 9

Haeckel

Question 10

Introduced term Prokaryote for cell without nucleus

Answer 10

Chatton

Question 11

Kingdom Fungi introduced

Answer 11

1959

Question 12

Prokaryote defined as cells in which nucleoplasm is not surrounded by nuclear membrane

Answer 12

Stanier

Question 13

Kingdom Prokaryote proposed

Answer 13

Murray

Question 14

Proposed third kingdom called Protista, which included Protozoa, single cells algae and slime molds

Answer 14

Three kingdom system of Ernst Haekel

Question 15

Animalia 
Plantae
Mycetae (fungi) 
Protista 
Prokaryotae (monera)

Answer 15

5 kingdom system of Robert Whittaker

Question 16

Difference in group Archaea

Living organisms classified into 3 domains:

Answer 16

Three domain system Carl Woose

Question 17

No cell walls

Chemoautrophic

Answer 17

Domain Eukarya

Question 18

Cellulose walls

Photoautotrophic

Answer 18

Plantae

Domain Eukarya

Question 19

Chitin cell walls

Chemoheterotrophic

Answer 19

Fungi

Domain Eukarya

Question 20

Catchall for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms

Answer 20

Protista

Domain Eukarya

Question 21

Similarities based on ribosomal RNA living organisms are classified into three domains: bacteria, archaea, Eukarya

Answer 21

Three domain system

Question 22

Placing organisms in groups of related species. It is the systematic grouping of organisms into categories of evolutionary or structural relationships between them based on similarities

Answer 22

Classification

Question 23

Matching characteristics of unknown organism to list of known organism

Answer 23

Identification

Question 24

Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche

Answer 24

Viral species

Question 25

Group of bacteria derived from a single cell | Pure culture

Answer 25

Clone

Question 26

Nonidentical clone cells identified by numbers, letters, or names

Answer 26

Strain

Question 27

Closely related strains

Answer 27

Bacterial species

Question 28

Population of cells with similar characteristics

Answer 28

Prokaryotic species

Question 29

Group of organisms that interbreeds and prod vie viable off spring Organisms are grouped into taxa according to phylogenetic relationships from ancestor

Answer 29

Eukaryotic species

Question 30

Determined by molecular biology techniques

Answer 30

Prokaryotic relationships

Question 31

``` Domain----------Eukayra Kingdom--------Animalia Phylum----------Chordata Class------------Mammalia Order------------Primata Family-----------Hominidae Genus-----------Homo Species---------H. Sapiens ```

Answer 31

Taxonomic hierarchy

Question 32

Sequence bases can be used in classification of organisms

Answer 32

Ribosomal RNA

Question 33

Used to detect small amounts of microbial DNA in a sample

Answer 33

PCR

Question 34

Southern blotting | DNA probes

Answer 34

Hybridization techniques

Question 35

Sequences amino acids Fatty acid profiles Percentage GC PAIRS

Answer 35

Method of identifying microorganisms

Question 36

Produced by restriction enzymes are used to determine genetic similarities and can be used to identify and classify organisms

Answer 36

DNA fingerprints

Question 37

Measures physical and chemicals characteristics of cells | Used to identify bacteria in a sample without cutting them

Answer 37

Flow cytometry

Question 38

Is the identification of bacterial species and strains by determining their susceptibility to various bacteriophages

Answer 38

Phage Typing

Question 39

Involves the reactions of microorganism with specific antibodies that are useful in determining the identity of strains and species as well as relationship among organisms

Answer 39

Serological test

Question 40

Useful for identifying microorganisms especially when aided by differential staining techniques

Answer 40

Morphological characteristics

Question 41

Presence of various enzymes as determined by using selective and differential media

Answer 41

Biochemical test

Question 42

Single strands of DNA or of both DNA, RNA from related organisms will hydrogen bond to form double stranded molecule

Answer 42

Nucleic acid hybridization

Question 43

Used for identification of organisms. Identification is based on successive questions and each question has two possible answers

Answer 43

Dichotomous keys

Question 44

Show phylogenetic relationships among organisms | Using sequence bases RNA molecules the percentage of similarity in the nucleotides bases between each species

Answer 44

Cladograms