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Microbiology > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

0
Q

Ability to ward off a disease

A

Resistance

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1
Q

Lack of resistance to a disease

A

Susceptibility

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2
Q

Defenses against any pathogen (innate)

A

Nonspecific immunity

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3
Q

Immunity
Resistance to a specific pathogen
Adaptive

A

Specific resistance

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4
Q

Intact skin
Mucous membranes/secretions
Normal microbiota

A

First line of defense

Innate immunity

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5
Q

Phagocytes
Inflammation
Fever
Antimicrobial substances

A

Second line of defense

Innate immunity

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6
Q

Specialized lymphocytes: Tcells &Bcells

Antibodies

A

Adaptive immunity

Third line of defense

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7
Q

Epidermis consist of tightly packed cells with keratin, protective protein that makes protective barrier to resist infection

A

Skin

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8
Q

Kinins
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Histamines

A

Chemicals that induce inflammation

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9
Q

Produce tears. Tears wash eyes and go to nose through lacrimal canals

A

Lacrimal apparatus

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10
Q

Bacteriostatic
Fungistatic
Fatty acid
Keep hairs moist

A

Sebum

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11
Q

Low ph
Kills microbes and toxins
Except C. Botulinum & S. Aureus

A

Gastric juice

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12
Q

Neutralizes acidity and grows in stomach and causes ulcers and gastritis

A

H. Pylori

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13
Q

Produces Bacteriocins that inhibit the growth of salmonella and shigella in large intestines

A

E. Coli

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14
Q

60-70%

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

0.5-1%

A

Basophils

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16
Q

2-4%

A

Eosinophils

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17
Q

3-8%

A

Monocytes

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18
Q

20-25%

A

Lymphocytes

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19
Q 
Peroxidases
Hydrolytic enzymes 
Defensins
Bacteria slayers
Phagocytic
A

Neutrophil

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20
Q

Functionally similar to mast cells

Produce histamine

21
Q

Inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and attracts other WBC

22
Q

Lead body’s counter attack against parasitic worms

Lessen severity of allergies

A

Eosinophils

23
Q

Phagocytic as mature macrophages
Largest leukocytes
Leave circulation enter tissue and differentiate into macrophages
Fixed macrophages in liver, brain

24
Involved in specific immunity | 3rd line of defense
Lymphocytes
25
Inhibit adherence: M protein, capsules
S. Pyogenes | S. Pneumoniae
26
Kill phagocytes by producing leukocidins
S. Aureus
27
Lyse phagocytes: membrane attack complex
Listeria monocytogenes
28
Escape phagosomes
Shigella
29
Prevent phagosome-lysosomes fusion
HIV
30
Survive in phagolysosome
Coxiella burnetti
31
Causes Q-fever
Coxiella burnetti
32
1. Leukocytosis 2. Margination 3. Diapedesis 4. Chemotaxis
Inflammatory response
33
Neutrophils are released from bone barrow in response to leukocytosis inducing factors released by injured cells
Leukocytosis
34
Neutrophils cling to the walks of capillaries in the injured area
Margination
35
Neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls and begins phagocytosis
Diapedesis
36
Inflammatory chemicals attract neutrophils to the injury site
Chemotaxis
37
Cause vasodilation Increase permeability of blood vessel May role in chemotaxis Attract neutrophils
Kinins
38
Intensify the effects of kinins | Help phagocytes move through capillaries
Prostaglandin
39
Produced by mast cells and basophils Increased permeability of blood vessels Help attach phagocytes to pathogens
Leukotrienes
40
Found in Mast cells, basophils, blood platelets | Release in response to injury of cells
Histamine
41
Membrane attack
C5b-C9
42
Attract and activate phagocytic cells
c5a
43
Mediate inflammation
C3a | C5a
44
Results from antigen-antigen interactions that occur during specific immune response
Classical pathway | Complement activation.
45
Occurs in response to intravascular invasion by bacteria and some fungi. Involved interaction of complement factor b, factor D, factor P with the surface of the pathogen Does not involve antibodies
Alternate complement pathway
46
Occurs when macrophages release chemicals that stimulate the liver to produce mannose-binding protein (lectins) which then can activate complement via alternative pathway or classical pathway
Lectin complement pathway
47
Antiviral proteins produce by infected cells Short life span High doses toxic to heart, liver, kidney and red marrow
Interferons
48
Inhibits viral replication Increase NK cells Induced MHC-1 antigens
Alpha interferon Beta interferon
49
Activates macrophages and induces MHC-II antigens Immunological defense against infection and cancer
Gamma interferon

Microbiology (13 decks)

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