Chapter 11 Flashcards
Recombinant DNA
genetic material that has been spliced together from multiple organisms
Transgenic organism
An individual that receives recombinant DNA
Reverse transcriptase
An enzyme used to make a DNA copy of the mRNA
Cloning vector
A self replicating genetic structure that will carry the source of DNA into the recipient cell
Restriction enzymes
Proteins that cut double stranded DNA at a specific base sequence
Electrophoresis
Technique used to separate the fragments by size
Pseudogenes
Contained by chromosomes, DNA sequences that are very similar to protein encoding genes and that are transcribed but whose mRNA is not translated into protein
Polymerase chain reaction
Took that taps into a cells DNA copying machinery to rapidly produce millions of copies of a DNA sequence of interest
DNA profiling
Uses just the most variable parts of the genome to detect genetic difference between individuals
Short tandem repeats
Sequences of a few nucleotides that are repeated in no coding regions of DNA
Embryonic stem cells
Give rise to all cell types in the body and are therefore called totipotent (entire)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Obtaining a nucleus cell from a donor
Ex: Dolly the sheep, first clone of an adult mammal
DNA probe
A single stranded sequence of nucleotides that is complementary to a particular known region of DNA
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Technique that can greatly reduce the odds of having a child affected by cystic fibrosis
Gene therapy
May someday provide new treatment options by adding healthy DNA to a person’s cells. The new DNA Supplements the function of the faulty gene
