Chapter 17

Question 1

Bacteria & archaea

Answer 1

Prokaryotic domains

Question 2

Nucleoid

Answer 2

The region where this DNA is located along with some rna and a few proteins

Question 3

Plasmids

Answer 3

Circles of DNA apart from the chromosome

Question 4

Ribosomes

Answer 4

Structures that uses the information in right now to assemble proteins

Question 5

Cell wall

Answer 5

A rigid barrier that surrounds the cells of most bc feria and archaea

Question 6

Peptidoglycan

Answer 6

Complex polysaccharide that does not occur in the cell walls archaea

Question 7

Coccus

Answer 7

Spherical shaped cell

Question 8

Bacillus

Answer 8

Rod shaped cell

Question 9

Spirillum

Answer 9

Spiral or corkscrew shaped cell

Question 10

Gram stain

Answer 10

Reaction distinguishes between two type of cell walls

Question 11

Glycocalyx

Answer 11

(Capsule/slime layer)

A sticky layer composed of proteins of polysaccharides that may surround the cell wall

Question 12

Pili

Answer 12

Short hairlike projections made of protein that enable cells to adhere to objects

Question 13

Taxis

Answer 13

Cells move toward or away from an external stimulus such as food a toxin oxyge or light

Question 14

Flagellum

Answer 14

Cells that can move have this. A whiplike extension that rotates like a propeller

Question 15

Endoscopes

Answer 15

dormant thick walled structures that can survive harsh conditions

Question 16

Autotrophs

Answer 16

Self feeders. They assemble their own organic molecules using carbon from inorganic sources such as CO2

Question 17

Heterotrophs

Answer 17

Other feeders. acquiring carbon by consuming organic molecules produced by other organisms

Question 18

Phototrophs

Answer 18

Derive energy from the sun

Question 19

Chemotrophs

Answer 19

Oxidize inorganic or organic chemicals

Question 20

Obligate aerobes

Answer 20

Require O2 for generating ATP in cellular respiration

Question 21

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 21

O2 is toxic and they live in habitats that lack it

Question 22

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 22

Can live either with or without O2

Question 23

Vertical gene transfer

Answer 23

Organisms transmit DNA from generation to generation as they reproduce, a process sometimes called vertical gene transfer.

Question 24

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 24

A cel receives DNA from another cel that is not its ancestor
Occurs in 3 ways: transformation,transduction,conjugation

Question 25

Transformation

Answer 25

Horizontal gene transfer that occurs when other cells absorb stray bits of its DNA

Question 26

Transduction

Answer 26

In horizontal gene transfer, a virus transfers this combined DNA to a bacterial cell

Question 27

Conjugation

Answer 27

In horizontal gene transfer, one cell receives DNA via direct contact with another cell

Question 28

Sex pilus

Answer 28

The appendage through which DNS passes from donor to recipient

Question 29

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 29

The chemical reactions in which prokaryotes convert atmospheric nitrogen gas to ammonia

Question 30

Prokaryote

Answer 30

A single cellars organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bounded organelles