Chapter 3

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

All organisms are made of one or more cells and the cell is the fundamental unit of all life

Question 2

Ribosomes

Answer 2

Structures in a cell that manufacture proteins

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

The flood that occupies a lot of the volume of the cell

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

(Plasma membrane)

Forms a boundary between cell and its enviroment

Question 5

Prokaryotes

Answer 5

Simplest and most ancient forms of life; organisms whose cells lack a nucleus

Question 6

Eukaryotes

Answer 6

Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membranous organelles

Question 7

Nucleoid

Answer 7

The area where the cells circular DNA molecule congregates

Question 8

Cell wall

Answer 8

Surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria protecting the call and preventing it from bursting of it absorbs too much water

Question 9

Flagella

Answer 9

Tail like appendages that enable cells to move

Question 10

Organelles

Answer 10

Compartments that carry our specialized functions in a cell. “Little organs”

Question 11

Phospholipid

Answer 11

Organic molecules that resemble triglycerides

Question 12

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 12

Most energy efficient organization or phospholipid molecules; two layered sandwich like structure where hydrophilic surfaces are expose to watery medium outside and inside of the cell

Question 13

Fluid mosaic

Answer 13

(Cell membrane)

Sometimes called this because proteins and phospholipids are free to move within the bilayer

Question 14

Transport proteins

Answer 14

Create passageways to pass into and out of the cell

Question 15

Enzymes

Answer 15

Facilitate chemical reactions that would otherwise proceed too slowly to sustain life

Question 16

Recognition proteins

Answer 16

Carbohydrates attached to cell surface proteins to serve as name tags that help the body recognize its own cells

Question 17

Adhesion proteins

Answer 17

enable cells to stick to one another

Question 18

receptor proteins

Answer 18

Bond molecules outside the cell and trigger an internal response

Question 19

Endomembrane system

Answer 19

Consist of several interacting organelles connected by small bubbles of membrane

Question 20

Vesicles

Answer 20

Transport material inside of the cell

Question 21

Nucleus

Answer 21

Contains DNA and “recipe” for every cell made

Question 22

Nucleolus

Answer 22

assembles ribosomes; inside nucleus

Question 23

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 23

Network of sacs and tubules composed of membranes

Question 24

Rough ER

Answer 24

Membrane surface close to nucleus that is studded with ribosomes making proteins that enter the ER

Question 25

Smooth ER

Answer 25

Synthesizes lipids , houses enzymes that detoxify drugs and poisons

Question 26

Golgi apparatus

Answer 26

Processing center for proteins where they complete their folding and become functional

Question 27

Lysosomes

Answer 27

Contain enzymes that dismantle and recycle

Question 28

Vacuole

Answer 28

Contains watery solution of enzymes that degrade and recycle molecules and organelles (plant cell)

Question 29

Peroxisomes

Answer 29

Contained by all eukaryotic cells. Contain several types of enzymes that dispose of toxic substances

Question 30

Mitochondria

Answer 30

Use cellular respiration to extract needed energy from food

Question 31

Cristae

Answer 31

Folds of the inner membrane

Question 32

Chloroplast

Answer 32

Site of photosynthesis

Question 33

Cytoskeleton

Answer 33

Intricate network of protein tracks and tubules | Structural framework, transportation system, cell division, enables to move

Question 34

Microfilament

Answer 34

Thinnest component of the cytoskeleton;Long rod composed of protein actin

Question 35

Intermediate filaments

Answer 35

Part of cytoskeleton, Made of different proteins, maintain a cells shape and ho bind some cells together

Question 36

Micro tubule

Answer 36

Composed of a protein called tubulin. | Form a trackway for substances in cell to move

Question 37

Centrosomes

Answer 37

Organize micro tubules

Question 38

Cilia

Answer 38

Short and numerous, like a fringe

Question 39

Tight junction

Answer 39

Fuses cells together forming an impermeable barrier between them

Question 40

Anchoring (or adhering junction)

Answer 40

Connect a cell to its neighbors

Question 41

Gap junction

Answer 41

A protein channel the links the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

Question 42

Plasmodesmata

Answer 42

Channels that connect adjacent cells

Question 43

Cells

Answer 43

Smallest unit of life that can function independently