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jerin > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell theory

A

All organisms are made of one or more cells and the cell is the fundamental unit of all life

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2
Q

Ribosomes

A

Structures in a cell that manufacture proteins

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The flood that occupies a lot of the volume of the cell

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4
Q

Cell membrane

A

(Plasma membrane)

Forms a boundary between cell and its enviroment

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5
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Simplest and most ancient forms of life; organisms whose cells lack a nucleus

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6
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membranous organelles

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7
Q

Nucleoid

A

The area where the cells circular DNA molecule congregates

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8
Q

Cell wall

A

Surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria protecting the call and preventing it from bursting of it absorbs too much water

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9
Q

Flagella

A

Tail like appendages that enable cells to move

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10
Q

Organelles

A

Compartments that carry our specialized functions in a cell. “Little organs”

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11
Q

Phospholipid

A

Organic molecules that resemble triglycerides

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12
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Most energy efficient organization or phospholipid molecules; two layered sandwich like structure where hydrophilic surfaces are expose to watery medium outside and inside of the cell

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13
Q

Fluid mosaic

A

(Cell membrane)

Sometimes called this because proteins and phospholipids are free to move within the bilayer

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14
Q

Transport proteins

A

Create passageways to pass into and out of the cell

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15
Q

Enzymes

A

Facilitate chemical reactions that would otherwise proceed too slowly to sustain life

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16
Q

Recognition proteins

A

Carbohydrates attached to cell surface proteins to serve as name tags that help the body recognize its own cells

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17
Q

Adhesion proteins

A

enable cells to stick to one another

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18
Q

receptor proteins

A

Bond molecules outside the cell and trigger an internal response

19
Q

Endomembrane system

A

Consist of several interacting organelles connected by small bubbles of membrane

20
Q

Vesicles

A

Transport material inside of the cell

21
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA and “recipe” for every cell made

22
Q

Nucleolus

A

assembles ribosomes; inside nucleus

23
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Network of sacs and tubules composed of membranes

24
Q

Rough ER

A

Membrane surface close to nucleus that is studded with ribosomes making proteins that enter the ER

25
Q

Smooth ER

A

Synthesizes lipids , houses enzymes that detoxify drugs and poisons

26
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Processing center for proteins where they complete their folding and become functional

27
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain enzymes that dismantle and recycle

28
Q

Vacuole

A

Contains watery solution of enzymes that degrade and recycle molecules and organelles (plant cell)

29
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contained by all eukaryotic cells. Contain several types of enzymes that dispose of toxic substances

30
Q

Mitochondria

A

Use cellular respiration to extract needed energy from food

31
Q

Cristae

A

Folds of the inner membrane

32
Q

Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

33
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Intricate network of protein tracks and tubules

Structural framework, transportation system, cell division, enables to move

34
Q

Microfilament

A

Thinnest component of the cytoskeleton;Long rod composed of protein actin

35
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Part of cytoskeleton, Made of different proteins, maintain a cells shape and ho bind some cells together

36
Q

Micro tubule

A

Composed of a protein called tubulin.

Form a trackway for substances in cell to move

37
Q

Centrosomes

A

Organize micro tubules

38
Q

Cilia

A

Short and numerous, like a fringe

39
Q

Tight junction

A

Fuses cells together forming an impermeable barrier between them

40
Q

Anchoring (or adhering junction)

A

Connect a cell to its neighbors

41
Q

Gap junction

A

A protein channel the links the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

42
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Channels that connect adjacent cells

43
Q

Cells

A

Smallest unit of life that can function independently

jerin (11 decks)

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