Chapter 9

Question 1

Sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Requires two parents, one who contributes a sperm cell which fertilizes the other’s contributed egg cell. Offspring get a mixture of traits from parents

Question 2

Conjugation

Answer 2

One bacterial cell uses an outgrowth called a sex pilus to transfer genetic material to another bacterium

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

Single molecule of DNS and its associated proteins

Question 4

Diploid cells

Answer 4

Contain two full sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 5

Karyotype

Answer 5

A size ordered chart of all the chromosomes in a cell

Question 6

Autosomes

Answer 6

Chromosomes that are the same for both sexes

Question 7

Sex chromosomes

Answer 7

Determine whether an individual is a male or female

Question 8

Homologous pair

Answer 8

Matching pair of chromosomes that look alike and have the same sequence of genes

Question 9

Haploid cells

Answer 9

Contain only one full set of genetic information

Question 10

Gametes

Answer 10

Sex cells that combine to form a new offspring

Question 11

Fertilization

Answer 11

Nerves the gametes from two parents creating a new cell

Question 12

Diploid zygote

Answer 12

The first cell of a new organism

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

Divides a eukaryotic cells chromosomes into two identical daughter nuclei

Question 14

Meiosis

Answer 14

Forms genetically variable sex cells used in reproduction with each gamete containing half as many chromosomes as the organisms diploid cells

Question 15

Germ cells

Answer 15

Cells that can undergo meiosis and produce gametes. Specialized diploid cells that occur only in the ovaries and testes

Question 16

Spindle

Answer 16

Forms microtubule a assembled at the centrosomes

Question 17

Kinetochores

Answer 17

Spindle attachment points

Question 18

Polyploid cell

Answer 18

Created by an error in meiosis. Has one or more complete sets of extra chromosomes

Question 19

Nondisjunction

Answer 19

Error when a gamete has just one extra chromosome or a missing Chromosome. Occurs when chromosomes fail to separate

Question 20

Deletion

Answer 20

Results in the loss of one or more genes

Question 21

Duplication

Answer 21

Produces multiple copies of part of a chromosome

Question 22

Inversion

Answer 22

Part of a chromosome flips and reinserts, changing the gene sequence

Question 23

Translocation

Answer 23

NonHomologous chromosomes exchange parts

Question 24

Alternation of generations

Answer 24

fluctuation between these diploid and haploid stages that occurs in plants

Question 25

Asexual reproduction

Answer 25

An organism copies it’s DNA and splits the contents of one cell into two. Offspring are virtually genetically identical