Flashcards in Chapter 11 Digestive Organs Deck (26):
1
Mouth
Opening through which food passes into body, breaks food into small pieces by mastication and mixing with saliva
2
Tongue
Consists mostly of skeletal muscle. It provides movement for food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech
3
Palate
Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
4
Soft palate
Posterior portion not supported by bone
5
Hard palate
Anterior portion, supported by bone
6
Uvula
Soft V shaped structure that extends from the soft palate, directs food into the throat
7
Pharynx, throat
Performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth to the esophagus
8
Esophagus
10 inch tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx to the stomach
9
Stomach
J shaped sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control
10
Pylorus
Portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestines
11
Pyloric sphincter
Ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum
12
Small intestine
20 foot tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine. Digestion is completed in the small intestine. Absorption, the passage of nutrients (end products of digestion) from the small intestine to the bloodstream, takes place through the villi.
13
Duodenum, Jejunum and ileum
Portions of the small intestine
14
Large intestine
Approx 5 feet long tube that extends from the ileum to the anus. Absorption of water and transit of solid waste products of digestion takes place here.
15
Cecum
U shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine
16
Colon
Divided into four parts: ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid
17
Rectum
Distal portion of the large intestine, approx 10 inches long, extending from the colon to the anus
18
Anus
Sphincter muscle (ring like band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the digestive tract. Provides for elimination of solid waste products.
19
Salivary glands
Produce saliva which flows into the mouth
20
Liver
Produces bile which is necessary for the digestion of fat. Performs functions of digestion and metabolism.
21
Bile ducts
Passageways that carry bile. There are three ducts: hepatic, common and cystic, collectively refered to as the biliary tract.
22
Gallbladder
Small saclike structure that stores bile produced by the liver
23
Pancreas
Produces pancreatic juice which helps digest all types of foods and secretes insulin for carb metabolism
24
Peritoneum
Serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
25
Appendix
Small pouch which has no known function in digestion
26