Chapter 11: Endocrine System Flashcards
(254 cards)
1
Q
glands of the endocrine system secrete hormones important for
A
homeostasis
2
Q
hormones regulate body activities, like
A
- metabolic rate
- water and mineral balance
- immune reactions
- sexual functioning
3
Q
hormones are chemicals that act on target organs to
A
increase or decrease activity level
4
Q
the endocrine organs are glands and include
A
- adrenal glands
- ovaries and testes
- pancreas
- parathyroid glands
- pineal gland
- pituitary gland
- thymus gland
- thyroid gland
5
Q
acr/o
A
extremities
6
Q
aden/o
A
gland
7
Q
adren/o
A
adrenal glands
8
Q
adrenal/o
A
adrenal glands
9
Q
andr/o
A
male
10
Q
calc/o
A
calcium
11
Q
crin/o
A
to secrete
12
Q
estr/o
A
female
13
Q
gluc/o
A
glucose
14
Q
glyc/o
A
sugar
15
Q
gonad/o
A
sex glands
16
Q
iod/o
A
iodine
17
Q
kal/i
A
potassium
18
Q
ket/o
A
ketones
19
Q
mineral/o
A
minerals, electrolytes
20
Q
natr/o
A
sodium
21
Q
ovari/o
A
ovary
22
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
23
Q
parathyroid/o
A
parathyroid gland
24
Q
pineal/o
A
pineal gland
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pituit/o
pituitary gland
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pituitar/o
pituitary gland
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radi/o
ray
28
somat/o
body
29
testicul/o
testes
30
thym/o
thymus
31
thyr/o
thyroid gland
32
thyroid/o
thyroid gland
33
toxic/o
poison
34
-dipsia
thirst
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-emic
pertaining to blood condition
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-tropic
pertaining to stimulating
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-tropin
to stimulate
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the endocrine system is a collection of glands that secretes hormones into the
blood stream
39
two types of glands
exocrine and endocrine
40
exocrine glands release their secretions into
a duct
41
_________ transport exocrine glands
ducts
42
endocrine glands release their hormones directly into
the bloodstream
43
endocrine glands are referred to as
ductless glands
44
the _________ gland is an endocrine gland
thyroid
45
which gland has both endocrine and exocrine glands
the pancreas
46
the adrenal glands is composed of two sections
adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
47
the adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the gland that secretes
corticosteroids
48
___________ is a mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium and potassium
aldosterone
49
___________ is a glucocorticoid that regulates carbohydrates
cortisol
50
androgens are ___________ _____ ____________ that regulate secondary sex characteristics
steroid sex hormones
51
the adrenal medulla secretes
epinephrine and norepinephrine
52
epinephrine and norepinephrine increase
- bp
- heart rate
- respiration levels and help the body perform under stress
53
ovaries secrete reproductive cells known as
ova
54
ovaries secrete sex hormones known as
estrogen and progesterone
55
estrogen is responsible for
secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle regulation
56
progesterone helps maintain
a suitable uterine environment for pregnancy
57
the pancreas, as an exocrine gland, releases
digestive enzymes into the duodenum via a duct
58
the pancreas, as an endocrine gland, releases
insulin and glucose into the bloodstream
59
insulin stimulates
cells to take in glucose and lowers blood sugar levels
60
glucagon stimulates
the lover to release glucose and raises blood sugar levels
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the parathyroid glands release
PTH
62
PTH regulates
blood calcium levels
63
when blood calcium falls too low, PTH
increases and stimulates the bone breakdown
64
the breakdown of bone releases
calcium into the blood
65
the pineal gland is part of the
thalamus region of the brain
66
the pineal gland secretes
melatonin
67
melatonin helps regulate the body's
circadian rhythm
68
the pituitary gland is also called
the master gland because it regulates other endocrine glands
69
the pituitary gland is divided into
anterior and posterior portions
70
the anterior pituitary secretes
- growth hormone (GH)
- luteinizing hormone (LH)
- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- prolactin (PRL)
- melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
71
growth hormone
stimulates cells to divide rapidly
72
thyroid-stimulating hormone
regulates thyroid function
73
adrenocorticotropic hormone
regulates adrenal cortex
74
prolactin
stimulates milk production following birth
75
follicle-stimulating hormone
responsible for sex cell development in both genders and estrogen secretion in females
76
luteinizing hormone
stimulates secretion of sex hormones in both genders and ova release in females
77
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
prompts melanocytes to produce more melanin
78
the posterior pituitary gland secretes
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- oxytocin
79
antidiuretic hormone
promotes water reabsorption by the kidney tubules
80
oxytocin
stimulates uterine contractions during labor and delivery and release of milk after childbirth
81
the testes produce
sperm and testosterone
82
testosterone produces
male secondary sex characteristics and regulates sperm production
83
the thymus gland is part of both
the endocrine and immune systems
84
the thymus as an endocrine gland secretes
thymosin that aids in immune development
85
the thymus as an immune structure
essential to the development of newborn immunity
86
the thymus is present at birth and grows to its largest size during
puberty
87
after puberty, the thymus begins to
shrink and is replaced with connective and adipose tissue
88
the thyroid gland secretes
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
89
T4 and T3 regulates
energy and heat production to adjust metabolism
90
T4 and T3 are produced from the mineral
iodine
91
thyroid also secretes
calcitonin
92
calcitonin is a response to
high levels of blood calcium
93
calcitonin stimulates deposition of
bone and is the opposite of PTH
94
acr/o
extremities
95
aden/o
gland
96
adren/o
adrenal gland
97
adrenal/o
adrenal gland
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calc/o
calcium
99
carcin/o
cancer
100
chem/o
drug
101
cortic/o
outer layer
102
crin/o
to secrete
103
cyst/o
bladder, sac
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cyt/o
cell
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fibr/o
fibers
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gluc/o
glucose
107
glyc/o
sugar
108
glycos/o
sugar
109
gynec/o
female
110
hem/o
blood
111
immun/o
protection
112
kal/i
potassium
113
ket/o
ketones
114
lapar/o
abdomen
115
lob/o
lobe
116
mast/o
breast
117
natr/o
sodium
118
neur/o
nerve
119
ophthalam/o
eye
120
or/o
mouth
121
oste/o
bone
122
ovari/o
ovary
123
pancreat/o
pancreas
124
parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
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pineal/o
pineal gland
126
pituit/o
pituitary gland
127
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
128
radi/o
radiation
129
retin/o
retina
130
testicul/o
testes
131
thym/o
thymus gland
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thyr/o
thyroid gland
133
thyroid/o
thyroid gland
134
toxic/o
poison
135
-al
pertaining to
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-an
pertaining to
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-ar
pertaining to
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-ary
pertaining to
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-dipsia
thirst
140
-ectomy
surgical removal
141
-edema
swelling
142
-emia
blood condition
143
-emic
pertaining to a blood condition
144
-globin
protein
145
-graphy
process of recording
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-ia
condition
147
-ic
pertaining to
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-ism
state of
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-itis
inflammation
150
-logy
study of
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-megaly
enlarged
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-meter
instrument to measure
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-oma
tumor
154
-osis
abnormal condition
155
-pathy
disease
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-prandial
pertaining to a meal
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-scopic
pertaining to visually examining
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-tic
pertaining to
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-uria
urine condition
160
anti-
against
161
endo-
within
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ex-
outward
163
hyper-
excessive
164
hypo-
insufficient
165
pan-
all
166
poly-
many
167
post-
after
168
adrenal
pertaining to the adrenal glands
169
ovarian
pertaining to the ovary
170
pancreatic
pertaining to the pancreas
171
parathyroidal
pertaining to the parathyroid glands
172
pineal
pertaining to the pineal gland
173
pituitary
pertaining to the pituitary gland
174
testicular
pertaining to the testes
175
thymic
pertaining to the thymus gland
176
thyroidal
pertaining to the thyroid gland
177
adrenomegaly
enlarged adrenal glands
178
adrenopathy
general term for adrenal gland disease
179
edema
excessive fluid in body tissues
180
endocrinopathy
general term for disease involving the endocrine system
181
exophthalmos
protruding eyeballs; a sign of excessive thyroid hormone
182
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
183
gynecomastia
development of breast tissue in males
184
hirsutism
excessive amount of hair; a sign of hormone imbalance
185
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood; a sign of hypersecretion of PTH
186
hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in the blood
187
hypersecretion
excessive hormone production by an endocrine gland
188
hypocalcemia
insufficient calcium in the blood; a sign of insufficient PTH
189
hypoglycemia
insufficient sugar in the blood
190
hyponatremia
insufficient sodium in the blood
191
hyposecretion
insufficient hormone production by the endocrine gland
192
obesity
having an abnormal amount of body fat
193
polydipsia
excessive feeling of thirst
194
polyuria
producing an excessive amount of urine
195
thyromegaly
enlarged thyroid gland
196
diabetes mellitus (DM)
a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia and glycosuria
197
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type 1)
the pancreas stops insulin production
198
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type 2)
pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin, and cells fail to respond
199
diabetes insipidus (DI)
hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone
200
hyperpituitarism
hypersecretion of one or more pituitary hormones
201
hypopituitarism
hyposecretion of one or more pituitary hormones
202
panhypopituitarism
hyposecretion of all pituitary hormones
203
thymitis
inflammation of the thymus gland
204
thymoma
tumor in the thymus gland
205
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
206
graves disease
overactive thyroid
207
adenocarcinoma
cancerous tumor in a gland that produces hormones
208
blood serum test
measures blood levels of substances like calcium, glucose, and hormones
209
FBS
fasting blood sugar
210
GTT
glucose tolerance test
211
PBI
protein-bound iodine test
212
protein-bound iodine test (PBI)
measures T4 blood level
213
hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1C)
blood test estimates amount of glucose in bloodstream over the past 3 months
214
radioimmunoassay (RIA)
measures levels of hormones in blood using radioactively tagged hormones
215
TFT
thyroid function test
216
radioactive iodine uptake test (RIU, RAIU)
scanning equipment visualizes the thyroid gland after patient drinks a solution containing radioactive iodine
217
adrenalectomy
surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
218
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
219
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
removal of the adrenal gland through a small abdominal incision using endoscopic instruments
220
lobectomy
removal of a lobe of a gland
221
parathyroidectomy
surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands
222
pinealectomy
surgical removal of the pineal gland
223
thymectomy
surgical removal of the thymus gland
224
thyroidectomy
surgical removal of the thyroid gland
225
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
226
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
227
BMR
basal metabolic rate
228
CT
calcitonin
229
DI
diabetes insipidus
230
DM
diabetes mellitus
231
FBS
fasting blood sugar
232
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
233
GH
growth hormone
234
GTT
glucose tolerance test
235
HbA1c
hemoglobin A1c test
236
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
237
IDDM
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
238
K+
potassium
239
LH
luteinizing hormone
240
MSH
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
241
Na+
sodium
242
NIDDM
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
243
NPH
neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin)
244
PBI
protein-bound iodine
245
PRL
prolactin
246
PTH
parathyroid hormone
247
RAI
radioactive iodine
248
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake
249
RIA
radioimmunoassay
250
RIU
radioactive iodine uptake
251
T3
triiodothyronine
252
T4
thyroxine
253
TFT
thyroid function test
254
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
