Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(294 cards)
1
Q
functions of the cardiovascular system
A
- distributing blood to all areas of the body
- delivering needed substances to cells
- removing wastes from cells
2
Q
angi/o
A
vessel
3
Q
aort/o
A
aorta
4
Q
arteri/o
A
artery
5
Q
arteriol/o
A
arteriole
6
Q
ather/o
A
fatty substance
7
Q
atri/o
A
atrium
8
Q
coron/o
A
heart
9
Q
embol/o
A
plug
10
Q
fibrin/o
A
fibers
11
Q
isch/o
A
to hold back
12
Q
myocardi/o
A
heart muscle
13
Q
phleb/o
A
vein
14
Q
sept/o
A
wall
15
Q
son/o
A
sound
16
Q
sphygm/o
A
pulse
17
Q
steth/o
A
chest
18
Q
tele/o
A
distant
19
Q
thromb/o
A
clot
20
Q
valv/o
A
valve
21
Q
valvul/o
A
valve
22
Q
varic/o
A
dilated vein
23
Q
vascul/o
A
blood vessel
24
Q
vas/o
A
vessel
25
ven/o
vein
26
ventricul/o
ventricle
27
venul/o
venule
28
-cardia
heart condition
29
-manometer
instrument to measure pressure
30
-ole
small
31
-pressor
to press down
32
-spasm
involuntary muscle contraction
33
-tension
pressure
34
-tonic
pertaining to tone
35
-ule
small
36
di-
two
37
the circulatory system is divided into ________________ and ______________ circulations
pulmonary and systematic
38
systematic circulation
carries blood from heart to the body and from the body to the heart
39
pulmonary circulation
carries blood from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs to the heart
40
relaxation phase is
diastole
41
contraction phase is
systole
42
the contraction and relaxation of the heart are regulated by the ____________ system
conduction
43
the conduction system is under control of the ______________ nervous system
autonomic
44
the sinoatrial (SA) node
- begins the electrical impulse
- a wave of electricity moves from the SA node through the atria
- causes atria to contract
45
the atrioventricular (AV) node is _________ after the SA contracts the atria
stimulated
46
the AV node transfers stimulation to the ______________________
atrioventricular (AV)
47
the electrical wave travels from the AV bundle down the _______________
bundle branches
48
the ___________________ in the ventricular myocardium are stimulated after the impulse travels through the atrioventricular bundle branches
Purkinje fibers; this causes the ventricles to contract
49
3 types of vessels
1- arteries
2- capillaries
3- veins
50
lumen
the channel within the blood vessels
51
arteries
- large, thick-walled vessels that contract or relax
- carry blood away from the heart
52
pulmonary arteries
goes to the lungs
53
aorta
goes to the body
54
coronary arteries
go to the myocardium of the heart
55
capillaries
- a network of tiny, thin-walled blood vessels
- they connect arteries and veins
- oxygenated arterial blood flows in and deoxygenated venous blood flows out
- carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse in and oxygen and nutrients diffuse out
56
veins
- begin as venules that gradually merge and become larger
- thin-walled, valvular vessels with low pressure
- carry blood toward the heart
57
blood pressure
measures the force exerted by blood against vessel walls
58
during systole
blood is under a lot of pressure and gives the highest reading (120)
59
during diastole
blood is under little pressure and gives the lowest reading (80)
60
blood pressure may be affected by characteristics of the blood and the blood vessels
- elasticity of arteries
- diameter of blood vessels
- viscosity of the blood
- amount of resistance to blood flow
61
pulse
the surge of blood caused by the heart contraction
62
angi/o
vessel
63
aort/o
aorta
64
arteri/o
artery
65
ateriol/o
arteriole
66
ather/o
fatty substance
67
atri/o
atrium
68
coron/o
heart
69
corpor/o
body
70
cutane/o
skin
71
duct/o
to bring
72
electr/o
electricity
73
embol/o
plug
74
esophag/o
esophagus
75
fibrin/o
fibers
76
hem/o
blood
77
isch/o
to hold back
78
lip/o
fat
79
my/o
muscle
80
myocardi/o
heart muscle
81
orth/o
straight
82
pector/o
chest
83
peripher/o
away from center
84
phleb/o
vein
85
pulmon/o
lung
86
scler/o
hard
87
sept/o
wall
88
son/o
sound
89
sphygm/o
pulse
90
steth/o
chest
91
tele/o
distant
92
thromb/o
clot
93
valv/o
valve
94
valvul/o
valve
95
varic/o
dilated wein
96
vas/o
vessel
97
vascul/o
blood vessel
98
ven/o
vein
99
ventricul/o
ventricle
100
venul/o
venule
101
-ac
pertaining to
102
-al
pertaining to
103
-ar
pertaining to
104
-ary
pertaining to
105
-cardia
heart condition
106
-eal
pertaining to
107
-ectomy
surgical removal
108
-emia
blood condition
109
-gram
record
109
-graphy
process of recording
110
-ia
condition
111
-ic
pertaining to
112
-itis
inflammation
113
-logy
study of
114
-lytic
destruction
115
-manometer
instrument to measure pressure
116
-megaly
enlarged
117
-metry
process of measuring
118
-ole
small
119
-oma
mass
120
-ose
pertaining to
121
-ous
pertaining to
122
-pathy
disease
123
-plasty
surgical repair
124
-pressor
to press down
125
-rrhexis
surgical fixation
126
-sclerosis
hardening
127
-scope
instrument for viewing
128
-spasm
involuntary muscle contraction
129
-stenosis
narrowing
130
-tension
pressure
131
-therapy
treatment
132
-tic
pertaining to
133
-tonic
pertaining to tone
134
-ule
small
135
a-
without
136
anti-
against
137
brady-
slow
138
de-
without
139
endo-
inner
140
extra-
outside of
141
hyper-
excessive
142
hypo-
insufficient
143
inter-
between
144
intra-
within
145
per-
through
146
peri-
around
147
poly-
many
148
pre-
before
149
re-
again
150
tachy-
fast
151
tetra-
four
152
trans-
across
153
ultra-
beyond
154
aortic
pertaining to the aorta
155
aterial
pertaining to an artery
156
ateriolar
pertaining to an arteriole
157
atrial
pertaining to an atrium
158
atrioventricular (AV, A-V)
pertaining to the atrium and ventricle
159
cardiac
pertaining to the heart
160
coronary
pertaining to the heart
161
corporeal
pertaining to the body
162
interatrial
pertaining to between the atria
163
interventricular
pertaining to between the ventricles
164
myocardial
pertaining to the heart muscle
165
valvular
pertaining to a valve
166
vascular
pertaining to a blood vessel
167
venous
pertaining to a vein
168
ventricular
pertaining to a ventricle
169
venular
pertaining to a venule
170
cardiology
study of the heart
171
cardiovascular technologist/technician
healthcare professionals trained to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
172
angiitis
inflammation of a vessel
173
angiospasm
involuntary muscle contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows vessel
174
angiostenosis
narrowing of a vessel
175
bruit
a harsh, abnormal sound heard during oscillation over an artery
176
embolus
obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot
177
hyperlipidemia
condition of having excessive levels of lipids (fats) in the bloodstream
178
infarct
area of necrotic tissue due to blood loss of blood supply
179
ischemia
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circularity obstruction
180
murmur
a sound in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate abnormality
181
orthostatic hypotension
sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly
182
palpitations
pounding, racing heartbeats
183
plaque
yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery
184
regurgitation
to flow backwards
185
thrombus
blood clot within a blood vessel; map partially or completely occlude blood vessel
186
angina pectoris
severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart
187
cardiomegaly
an abnormally enlarged heart
188
cardiomyopathy
myocardial disease
189
congenital septal defect (CSD)
hole, present at birth, in heart septum
190
congestive heart failure (CHF)
left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood
191
coronary artery disease (CAD)
poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries
192
endocarditis
inflammation of membranes lining the heart
193
myocardial infarction (MI)
occlusion of coronary artery; heart attack
194
myocarditis
inflammation of heart muscle layer
195
pericarditis
inflammation of pericardial sac
196
valvulitis
inflammation of a heart valve
197
arrhythmia
irregularity in heartbeat or action
198
bradycardia
condition of having a slow heart rate
199
bundle branch block (BBB)
the electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle of HIS or bundle branches
200
premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
ventricles contract earlier than they should
201
fibrillation
serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; may result in cardiac arrest
202
premature atrial contraction (PAC)
atria contract earlier than they should
203
aneurysm
weakness and ballooning of arterial wall
204
tachycardia
condition of having a fast heart rate
205
arteriorrhexis
a ruptured artery
206
arteriosclerosis
hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls
207
atheroma
deposit of a fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery
208
atherosclerosis
most common form of arteriosclerosis
209
coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
severe congenital narrowing of aorta
210
deep vein thrombosis
formation of blood clot in a vein deep in the body
211
hemorrhoid
varicose veins in the anal region
212
hypertension (HTN)
high blood pressure
213
hypotension
decrease in blood pressure
214
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth
215
peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart
216
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
217
auscultation
listening to sounds within body using stethoscope
218
sphygmomanometer
blood pressure cuff
219
stethoscope
instrument for listening to body sounds
220
cardiac biomarkers
blood test determines level of proteins specific to heart muscles in the blood
221
lipid panel
blood test to measure amount of lipids and triglycerides in blood
222
angiography
x-rays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel
223
carotid ultrasonography
process of recording blood flow through the large carotid artery
224
digital subtraction angiography
process of recording blood vessels after injection of contrast medium into bloodstream
225
echocardiography (ECHO)
use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures
226
thallium stress test
nuclear medicine procedure
227
transesophageal echocardiography
process of recording cardiac structures taken through the esophagus by a swallowed ultrasound device
228
catheter
flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body
229
electrocardiography
process of recording electrical activity of heart
230
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air for a person in cardiac arrest
231
sclerotherapy
injection of salt solution to treat varicose veins
232
thrombolytic therapy
use of drugs to dissolve clots and restore blood flow
233
aneurysmectomy
surgical removal of an aneurysm
234
atherectomy
surgical removal of an atheroma
235
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
blood vessel from another location is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery
236
embolectomy
surgical removal of an embolus
237
endarterectomy
surgical removal of diseased or damaged inner lining of artery
238
extracorporeal circulation (ECC)
during open-heart surgery, the routing of blood outside of body to cardiopulmonary bypass machine so it can be oxygenated and pumped back into the rest of the body
239
implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
surgical procedure to place an electrical device that delivers electrical shock to heart to restore normal heart rhythm
240
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery
241
valvoplasty
surgical repair of a heart valve
242
AED
automated external defibrillator
243
AF, A-fib
atrial fibrillation
244
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
245
AS
arteriosclerosis
246
ASD
atrial septal defect
247
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
248
AV, A-V
atrioventricular
249
BBB
bundle branch block
250
BP
blood pressure
251
bpm
beats per minute
252
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
253
CAD
coronary artery disease
254
cath
catheterization
255
CCU
coronary care unit
256
CHF
congestive heart failure
257
CK
creatine kinase
258
CoA
coarctation of the aorta
259
CP
chest pain
260
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
261
CSD
congenital septal defect
262
CV
cardiovascular
263
DSA
digital subtraction angiography
264
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
265
ECC
extracorporeal circulation
266
ECG, EKG
electrocardiogram
267
ECHO
echocardiogram
268
fib
fibrillation
269
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
270
health cath
cardiac catheterization
271
HTN
hypertension
272
ICD
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
273
ICU
intensive care unit
274
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
275
MI
myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency
276
mm Hg
millimeters of mercury
277
MR
mitral regurgitation
278
MS
mitral stenosis
279
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
280
P
pulse
281
PAC
premature atrial contraction
282
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus
283
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
284
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
285
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
286
S1
first heart sound
287
S2`
second heart sound
288
SA, S-A
sinoatrial
289
TEE
transesophageal echocardiography
290
tPA
tissue plasminogen activator
291
VF, V-fib
ventricular fibrillation
292
VSD
ventricular septal defect
293
VT, V-tech
ventricular tachycardia
