Chapter 9: Urinary System Flashcards
(211 cards)
1
Q
the urinary system is responsible for four things
A
1- maintaining a stable internal environment
2- removing waste products from blood
3- adjusting water and electrolyte levels
4- maintaining the correct pH
2
Q
organs of the urinary system
A
- 2 kidneys
- 2 ureters
- bladder
- urethra
3
Q
azot/o
A
nitrogenous waste
4
Q
bacteri/o
A
bacteria
5
Q
corpor/o
A
body
6
Q
cyst/o
A
urinary bladder
7
Q
genit/o
A
genitals
8
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
9
Q
glycos/o
A
sugar, glucose
10
Q
home/o
A
sameness
11
Q
hydr/o
A
water
12
Q
iatr/o
A
physician, medicine, treatment
13
Q
idi/o
A
distinctive
14
Q
keton/o
A
ketones
15
Q
meat/o
A
meatus
16
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
17
Q
noct/i
A
night
18
Q
olig/o
A
scanty
19
Q
protein/o
A
protein
20
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
21
Q
ren/o
A
kidney
22
Q
tox/o
A
poison
23
Q
ur/o
A
urine
24
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
25
urethr/o
urethra
26
urin/o
urine
27
-lith
stone
28
-lysis
to destroy
29
-ptosis
drooping
30
-uria
urine condition
31
the urinary system is also called the
genitourinary/GU system
32
a build-up of wastes is called
uremia
33
wastes are removed from the body by a system of _______________ and ___________
blood vessels and tubules
34
filtration of the blood takes place in the
nephrons
35
urine drains from the ____________ and the ureters carry it to the _____________
kidney/bladder
36
when the ______________ empties, urine moves through the _____________ and out
bladder/urethra
37
the two kidneys are behind the _______________ and are _______________
peritoneum/retroperitoneal
38
the concave hilum is the entry point for the _________ _________ and the exit point for the ______ _______
renal artery/ renal vein
39
the renal artery brings in
waste-filled blood
40
the renal vein takes out
clean blood
41
the ______ also exits at the hilum
ureter
42
the outer portion of the kidney is the _________ and is like the kidney's shell
cortex
43
the inner area of the kidney is called the
medulla
44
the medulla contains _____________ that point inward toward the hilum
pyramids
45
the tip or __________ of each pyramid opens into a ________
papilla/calyx
46
the __________ collect urine and empty into the renal pelvis
calyces
47
the __________ is the working unit of the kidney
nephron
48
each nephron has a renal _____________ and a renal _________
corpuscle/tubule
49
the corpuscle filters the blood using ______________ capsule and ____________
glomerular/glomerulus
50
____________ _________ carry blood to the glomeruli
afferent arterioles
51
___________ __________ carry blood away
efferent arterioles
52
water and substances removed from the blood in the corpuscle flow into the __________ ____________
renal tubules
53
the _____________ complete urine production
tubules
54
the tubules are divided into 4 parts
1- proximal convoluted tubule
2- nephron loop
3- distal convoluted tubule
4- collecting tubule
55
the _________ carry urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
ureters
56
the ureters are tubes less than a quarter inch wide and between ___ and ___ inches long
10 and 12
57
ureters are lined with
mucous membrane
58
the bladder is an _________ _____________ ______ in the base of the pelvis
elastic muscular sac
59
the bladder is composed of three layers of __________ __________ lined with ____________
smooth muscle/rugae
60
the bladder receives and stores urine from the __________
ureters
61
the bladder can hold between _____ and _____ mL of urine
300 and 400
62
the bladder signals the urge to
empty
63
_____________ ___________ cause the bladder to contract and the ____________ __________ to relax
involuntary muscles/internal sphincter
64
______________ ___________ control the external sphincter for intentional emptying
voluntary muscles
65
bladder control is developed sometime after a person reaches age
2
66
the __________ is a tubular canal that carries urine out of the bladder
urethra
67
the female urethra is __ to __ inches long
1 to 2
68
the male urethra is __ inches long
8
69
in women, the urethra serves to
ONLY carry urine out of the body
70
in men, the urethra serves to
carry BOTH urine and semen out of the body
71
the kidneys are responsible for
homeostasis- balance in the body
72
the urinary system continually maintains the proper balance of __________ and __________ in the body
water and chemicals
73
if the body has too little water, the kidneys
conserve it
74
if the body has excess water, the kidneys
excrete it
75
the kidneys also regulate the level of
electrolytes- small, biologically important molecules
76
the kidneys also help maintain the correct ___ within the body
pH
77
as nephrons remove wastes, many ___________ ___________ are also initially removed from the blood
desirable molecules
78
to prevent the desirable molecules being excreted, urine is produced in stages
- filtration
- reabsorption
- secretion
79
filtration is the ___ stage
first
80
filtration occurs in the _________ __________ as pressure forces material out of the blood and into the _________ _________
renal capsule/renal tubules
81
filtration material is a fluid called
glomerular filtrate
82
filtrate contains
- water
- electrolytes
- nutrients
- wastes
- toxins
83
reabsorption is the __ stage
second
84
reabsorption occurs as filtrate passes through the
four sections of the renal tubule
85
in reabsorption, most of the ________, ____________, and ___________ are reabsorbed
water, electrolytes, and nutrients
86
water, electrolytes, and nutrients return to the blood via the
peritubular capillaries
87
secretion is the __ stage
third
88
secretion occurs as special cells of the renal tubules secrete __________, ______ ______, and ________ directly into the renal tubules
ammonia, uric acid, and wastes
89
in secretion, urine formation is finished at this point, and urine proceeds through the __________ and eventually
kidneys/out of the body
90
urine is a _______ to _______ color
deep gold to clear
91
urine is ________ during production and collection but becomes contaminated as it ______________________
sterile/exits the body
92
urine contains
- water
- electrolytes
- toxins
- nitrogenous wastes
93
nitrogenous waste
by-products of protein metabolism
94
nitrogenous waste will become _________ (highly toxic cells) if not released form the body in the form of urea
ammonia
95
__________, _________, or __________ in urine indicated a disease process
glucose, blood, or albumin
96
normal urine output is _______ to _________ mL in a 24-hour period
1,000 to 2,000
97
normal urine is
acidic
98
_______ ________ of urine indicates the amount of dissolved substances
specific gravity
99
concentrated urine has a
high specific gravity
100
dilute urine has a
low specific gravity
101
normal value for color in urine
straw-colored, pale yellow to deep gold
102
the normal value for odor in urine
aromatic
103
normal value for appearance in urine
clear
104
normal value for specific gravity in urine
1.001-1.030
105
normal value for pH in urine
5.0-8.0
106
normal value for protein in urine
negative to trace
107
normal value for glucose in urine
none
108
normal value for ketones in urine
none
109
normal value for blood in urine
negative
110
azot/o
nitrogenous waste
111
bacteri/o
bacteria
112
bi/o
life
113
carcin/o
cancer
114
corpor/o
body
115
cyst/o
bladder, pouch
116
glomerul/o
glomerulus
117
glycos/o
sugar
118
hem/o
blood
119
hemat/o
blood
120
hydr/o
water
121
iatr/o
medicine
122
idi/o
distinctive
123
keton/o
ketones
124
lith/o
stone
125
meat/o
meatus
126
pyel/o
renal pelvis
127
ren/o
kidney
128
tox/o
poison
129
ur/o
urine
130
ureter/o
ureter
131
urethr/o
urethra
132
urin/o
urine
133
ven/o
vein
134
-al
pertaining to
135
-algia
pain
136
-ar
pertaining to
137
-ary
pertaining to
138
-cele
protrusion
139
-eal
pertaining to
140
-ectasis
dilated
141
-ectomy
surgical removal
142
-emia
blood condition
143
-genic
producing
144
-gram
record
145
-graphy
process of recording
146
-ic
pertaining to
147
-itis
inflammation
148
-lith
stone
149
-lithiasis
condition of stones
150
-logy
study of
151
-lysis
to destroy
152
-malacia
abnormal softening
153
-megaly
enlargement
154
-meter
instrument to measure
155
-oma
tumor
156
-ory
pertaining to
157
-osis
abnormal condition
158
-ostomy
surgically create an opening
159
-otomy
cutting into
160
-ous
pertaining to
161
-pathy
disease
162
-pexy
surgical fixation
162
-plasty
surgical repair
163
-ptosis
drooping
163
-rrhagia
abnormal flow condition
163
-sclerosis
hardening
163
-scope
instrument to visually examine
163
-scopy
process of visually examining
164
-stenosis
narrowing
164
-tic
pertaining to
165
-tripsy
surgical crushing
166
-uria
urine condition
167
an-
without
168
anti-
against
169
dys-
painful, difficult
170
extra-
outside of
171
intra-
within
172
poly-
many
173
retro-
backward
174
cystic
pertaining to the bladder
175
glomerular
pertaining to a glomerulus
176
meatal
pertaining to the meatus
177
pyelitic
pertaining to the renal pelvis
178
renal
pertaining to the kidney
179
ureteral
pertaining to a ureter
180
urethral
pertaining to the urethra
181
urinary
pertaining to urine
182
ketonuria
presence of ketones in the urine
183
UTI
urinary tract infection
184
U/A, UA
urinalysis
185
urinometer
instrument to measure specific gravity of urine
186
KUB
abdominal X-ray showing kidneys, ureters, and bladder
187
ESWL
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy- breaks down renal calculi with ultrasound waves
188
cystectomy
surgical removal of the bladder
189
cystopexy
surgical fixation of the bladder
190
cystoplasty
surgical repair of the bladder
191
cystostomy
surgical creation of a new opening into the bladder
192
cystotomy
cutting into the bladder
193
lithotomy
cutting into an organ to remove a stone
194
lithotripsy
physical destruction of a stone
195
meatotomy
incision into the meatus to enlarge it
196
nephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney
197
nephrolithotomy
incision to remove stones from the kidney
198
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a kidney
199
nephrostomy
surgical creation of a new opening into a kidney
200
nephrotomy
cutting into a kidney
201
pyeloplasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
202
renal transplant
surgical placement of a donor kidney
203
ARF
acute renal failure
204
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
205
CRF
chronic renal failure
