Chapter 3: Integumentary System Flashcards
(269 cards)
1
Q
The integumentary system serves four important functions
A
1- protection
2- regulation
3- sensory
4- secretion
2
Q
Organs of the integumentary system include
A
- skin
- hair
- nails
- sebaceous glands
- sweat glands
3
Q
albin/o
A
white
4
Q
cauter/o
A
to burn
5
Q
cry/o
A
cold
6
Q
cutane/o
A
skin
7
Q
derm/o, dermat/o
A
skin
8
Q
diaphor/o
A
profuse sweating
9
Q
electr/o
A
electricity
10
Q
erythr/o
A
red
11
Q
hidr/o
A
sweat
12
Q
ichthy/o
A
scaly, dry
13
Q
kerat/o
A
hard, horny
14
Q
leuk/o
A
white
15
Q
lip/o
A
fat
16
Q
melan/o
A
black
17
Q
myc/o
A
fungus
18
Q
necr/o
A
death
19
Q
onych/o
A
nail
20
Q
pedicul/o
A
lice
21
Q
phot/o
A
light
22
Q
py/o
A
pus
23
Q
rhytid/o
A
wrinkle
24
Q
sarc/o
A
flesh
25
scler/o
hard
26
seb/o
oil
27
system/o
system
28
trich/o
hair
29
ungu/o
nail
30
vesic/o
bladder
31
xer/o
dry
32
-derma
skin condition
33
allo-
other, different from usual
34
xeno-
foreign
35
What is the largest organ in the body?
the skin
36
How much does the skin weigh?
20 lbs
37
The skin is also called what?
- the integument
- the cutaneous membrane
38
The skin provides constant ______ to the body
protection
39
The skin forms a ________________
two-way barrier
40
The skin's two-way barrier keeps
- pathogens and harmful substances out
- critical body fluids in
- protecting the internal organs and tissues
41
Sensory receptors are housed in which part of the skin?
the dermis
42
What do the sensory receptors detect?
- temperature
- pain
- touch
- pressure
43
Messages from receptors travel to the ________ and __________________
brain and spinal cord
44
Sebaceous glands produce an oil called _________
sebum
45
What is the purpose of sebum?
lubricates the skin and keeps it from being too dry
46
Superficial blood vessels ________ to release heat
dilate
47
Superficial blood vessels _______ to prevent heat escaping through the skin
constrict
48
_________________ layer serves as insulation
subcutaneous
49
The skin consists of 2 layers
1- epidermis
2- dermis
50
Epidermis
the thin, outer membrane
51
Dermis
the middle, fibrous connective tissue layer
52
Subcutaneous layer
fatty tissue beneath the skin
53
The epidermis is composed of ______________________________
stratified squamous epithelium
54
The epidermis has no _________ or _______________
blood supply or connective tissue
55
The ________ layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis
basal
56
In this layer, cells continuously grow and push old cells toward the surface
the basal layer
57
Which layer contains melanocytes?
the basal layer
58
Melanocytes produce the ______________ that gives skin its color
black pigment melanin
59
Melanin protects skin against _______________
UV rays of the sun
60
Another name for the dermis
corium
61
The dermis is _________ tissue with a good ____________
living/blood supply
62
What is the dermis made up of?
connective tissue and collagen fibers that give it strength
63
What structures are housed in the dermis?
- hair follicles
- sweat and sebaceous glands
- blood and lymph vessels
- sensory receptors and nerve fibers
- muscle fibers
64
Another name for the subcutaneous layer
the hypodermis
65
What is the hypodermis layer composed of?
lipocytes (fat cells)
66
Purpose of the subcutaneous layer
protects the deeper tissues of the body and acts as insulation against heat and cold
67
The hair consists of
- the follicle
- root
- shaft
- arrector pili muscle
68
Nail body
flat plate of keratin that forms most nails
69
Nail bed
connects nail body to connective tissue underneath
70
Nail root
base of nail
71
Cuticle
thin skin-like layer overlapping the base of the nail
72
Free edge
exposed edge of nail that is trimmed when nails become too long
73
Lunula
light-colored, half-moon region at the base of the nail
74
Purpose of sebum
lubricates hair and skin and prevents drying and cracking
75
Another name for sweat glands
sudoriferous glands
76
Sweat travels to the surface via a ___________ and exits to the surface via a _______________
sweat duct/sweat pore
77
Sweat from apocrine glands produces
body odor
78
angi/o
vessel
79
bas/o
base
80
cauter/o
to burn
81
cortic/o
outer layer
82
cry/o
cold
83
diaphor/o
profuse sweating
84
electr/o
electricity
85
esthesi/o
feeling
86
hem/o
blood
87
myc/o
fungus
88
onych/o
nail
89
phot/o
light
90
septic/o
infection
91
vesic/o
sac
92
-al
pertaining to
93
-emia
blood condition
94
-ia
state, condition
95
-iasis
abnormal condition
96
-ic
pertaining to
97
-ism
state of
98
-itis
inflammation
99
-malacia
abnormal softening
100
-osis
abnormal condition
101
-ous
pertaining to
102
-phagia
eat, swallow
103
-plasty
surgical repair
104
-rrhea
discharge
105
-tic
pertaining to
106
-tome
instrument to cut
107
-ule
small
108
de-
without
109
epi-
above
110
ex-
outward
111
xeno-
foreign
112
cutaneous
pertaining to the skin
113
dermal
pertaining to the skin
114
dermic
pertaining to the skin
115
epidermal
pertaining to above the skin
116
hypodermic
pertaining to below the skin
117
intradermal
pertaining to within the skin
118
subcutaneous
pertaining to under the skin
119
ungual
pertaining to the nail
120
abrasion
friction scraping away skin surface
121
anhidrosis
condition of producing no sweat
122
bulla
a large blister
123
comedo
hardened sebum in the hair follicle; blackhead
124
contusion
injury caused by a blow; causes pain, swelling, and bruising
125
cyst
fluid-filled sac under skin
126
depigmentation
loss of normal skin color
127
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
128
ecchymosis
blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma; a bruise
129
erythema
red flushing of the skin
130
erythroderma
having reddened or flushed skin
131
eschar
thick layer of dead tissue over a deep burn area
132
fissure
crack-like lesion on the skin
133
hirsutism
excessive hair growth
134
hyperemia
redness of skin due to increased blood flow
135
hyperhidrosis
excessive sweating
136
hyperpigmentation
abnormal amount of pigmentation
137
lesion
general term for an injury or abnormality
138
leukoderma
white skin from lack of pigmentation
139
lipoma
fatty mass
140
macule
flat, discolored spot on skin; freckle
141
necrosis
condition of cell or tissue death
142
nevus
pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole; usually benign
143
nodule
firm, solid mass larger than 0.5 cm
144
onychomalacia
softening of nails
145
pallor
abnormal paleness of skin
146
papule
small, solid raised spot smaller than 0.5 cm
147
petechiae
spots from minute hemorrhages under skin
148
photosensitivity
abnormal skin reaction to light
149
pruritus
severe itching
150
purpura
skin hemorrhage due to fragile blood vessels
151
purulent
infection producing pus
152
pus contains
- dead bacteria
- white blood cells
- tissue debris
153
pustule
raised spot on skin containing pus
154
pyoderma
having pus on or within the skin
155
scleroderma
hardened skin
156
seborrhea
oily discharge
157
suppurative
containing or producing pus
158
ulcer
open sore in skin
159
urticaria
hives; eruption of wheals with severe itching
160
vesicle
small, fluid-filled, raised spot; blister
161
wheal
small, round, swollen area; typical of allergic skin reaction
162
xeroderma
abnormally dry skin
163
abscess
collection of pus in skin
164
acne rosacea
chronic form of adult acne with redness and tiny pimples, primarily on nose
165
acne vulgaris
common form of teenage acne with comedos, papules, and pustules
166
actinic keratosis
abnormal condition of hard, horny, waterlike lesion that develops on sun-damaged skin; may become cancerous
167
albinism
genetic condition in which the skin is unable to make melanin; skin and hair are white and eyes appear red
168
basal cell carcinoma
cancerous tumor in the basal cell layer, a common cancer that rarely metastasizes
169
burn
skin damage caused by fire, electricity, ultraviolet light, or caustic chemicals
170
cellulitis
diffuse acute infection or connective tissue of skin
171
cicatrix
normal scar
172
decubitus ulcer (decub)
open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences; caused by loss of blood flow to skin
173
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
174
dermatosis
presence of a skin condition
175
dry gangrene
late stages of gangrene, the affected area becomes dried, blackened, and shriveled
176
eczema
superficial dermatitis; redness, vesicles, itching, and crusting
177
gangrene
tissue necrosis due to loss of blood flow
178
ichthyosis
skin becomes dry, scaly, and keratanized
179
impetigo
highly infectious bacterial infection with pustules that rupture and crust over
180
Kaposi's sarcoma
skin cancer seen in AIDS patients; brownish-purple lesions
181
keloid
thick hypertrophic scar
182
keratosis
condition of excessive growth and thickening of epidermis layer
183
laceration
torn or jagged wound
184
malignant melanoma (MM)
dangerous form of cancer; begins in melanocytes; quickly metastasis
185
monkeypox (mpox)
contagious viral infection that causes flu-like symptoms and a rash with pustules or blisters
186
pediculosis
lice infestation
187
psoriasis
chronic inflammatory condition with papules forming "silvery scale" patches
188
rubella
contagious viral infection; german measles
189
scabies
skin disease caused by a mite infection
190
sebaceous cyst
sebum filled sac under skin
191
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
cancer of the epidermis layer; may invade deeper tissue and metastasize
192
strawberry hemangioma
congenital collection of dilated blood vessels; birthmark
193
systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic disease of connective tissue; injures skin, joints, and kidneys; produces red, scaly butterfly rash
194
tinea
fungal infection; itching and scaling lesions
195
tinea capitis
fungal infection on scalp; ringworm
196
tinea pedis
fungal infection on foot; athlete's foot
197
varicella
contagious viral infection; chickenpox
198
verruca
warts; benign growth caused by a virus
199
vitiligo
disappearance of pigment from skin in patches; causes milk-white lesions
200
wet gangrene
area gangrene with secondary bacterial infection and pus
201
alopecia
absence or loss of hair; baldness
202
carbuncle
furuncle involving several hair follicles
203
furuncle
bacterial infection of hair follicle; redness, pain, and swelling; a boil
204
trichomycosis
fungal infection of the hair
205
onychia
infected nail bed
206
onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nail
207
onychophagia
nail biting
208
paronychia
infection of the skin fold around the nail
209
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
grows bacteria removed from infected area to identify infecting bacteria; also determines the bacteria's sensitivity to various antibiotics
210
biopsy (BX,Bx)
removal of piece of tissue to examine under microscope
211
excisional biopsy
removal of an entire suspicious area of tissue for examination
212
exfoliative cytology
scraping cells from tissue to examine under microscope
213
frozen section (FS)
thin piece of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for rapid examination under microscope
214
fungal scrapings
scrapings from lesions that are cultured and examined under microscope
215
punch biopsy
removal of a small cylinder of tissue by an instrument that pierces through tissue like a hole punch
216
shave biopsy
removal of think layer of epidermis or dermis tissue using scalpel or razor; performed to remove tissue elevated above surface of skin
217
allograft
skin graft from one person to another; also called hamograft
218
autograft
skin graft from a person's own body
219
dermatome
instrument for cutting skin or for producing thin transplants of skin
220
dermatoplasty
skin grafting
221
skin graft (SG)
transfer of skin from a normal area to cover another site
222
xenograft
skin graft from an animal of another species, usually a pig; also called a heterograft
223
cauterization
destruction of tissue by using chemicals, electricity, heat, or freezing
224
cryosurgery
use of extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue
225
curettage
removal of superficial skin lesions with a scraper (curette)
226
debridement
removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound
227
electrocautery
using an electric current to destroy tissue
228
incision and drainage (I&D)
making an incision to drain material such as pus
229
onychectomy
surgical removal of a nail
230
chemabrasion
abrasion using chemicals; chemical peel
231
dermabrasion
abrasion using wire brushes or sandpaper; removes scars, tattoos
232
laser therapy
removal of lesions using a laser beam
233
liposuction
removal of fat beneath skin by means
234
rhytidectomy
surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles; face lift
235
anesthetic
deaden pain
236
antibiotic
kill bacteria
237
antifungal
kill fungi
238
antiparasitic
kill mites or lice
239
Example of anesthetic
lidocaine, procaine
240
Example of antibiotic
neosporin
241
Example of antifungal
miconazole, clotrimazole
242
Example of antiparasitic
kwell, nix
243
antipruritic
reduce severe itching
244
antiseptic
kill bacteria
245
corticosteroid cream
powerful anti-inflammatory
246
Example of antipruritic
benadryl, caladryl
247
Example of antiseptic
isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide
248
Example of corticosteroid cream
cortaid, kenalog
249
ADN
registered nurse with an associate's degree
250
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
251
RNB
registered nurse with bachelor's degree
252
BX,Bx
biopsy
253
C&S
culture and sensitivity
254
CNA
certified nursing assistant
255
decub
decubitus ulcer
256
Derm, derm
dermatology
257
FS
frozen section
258
I&D
incision and drainage
259
ID
intradermal
260
LPN
licensed practical nurse
261
LVN
licensed vocational nurse
262
MM
malignant melanoma
263
SLE
systematic lupus erythematosus
264
ST
split-thickness
265
subcut
subcutaneous
266
tid
three times a day
267
UV
ultraviolet
268
x
times
268
WHO
World Health Organization
