Chapter 6: Blood and the Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards
(259 cards)
1
Q
________________ and ____________ in the blood transport substances in the body
A
red blood cells and plasma
2
Q
________ blood cells fight infection
A
white
3
Q
___________ initiate the blood clotting process
A
platelets
4
Q
blood components include
A
- plasma
- blood cells:
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes
- platelets
5
Q
aggluntin/o
A
clumping
6
Q
bas/o
A
base
7
Q
chrom/o
A
color
8
Q
coagul/o
A
clotting
9
Q
eosin/o
A
rosy red
10
Q
fus/o
A
pouring
11
Q
granul/o
A
granules
12
Q
hem/o
A
blood
13
Q
hemat/o
A
blood
14
Q
morph/o
A
shape
15
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow, spinal cord
16
Q
neutr/o
A
neutral
17
Q
phag/o
A
eat, swallow
18
Q
sanguin/o
A
blood
19
Q
septic/o
A
infection
20
Q
-apheresis
A
removal
21
Q
-crit
A
separation of
22
Q
-cytic
A
pertaining to cells
23
Q
-cytosis
A
more than the normal number of cells
24
Q
-emia
A
blood condition
25
-globin
protein
26
-oid
resembling
27
-penia
too few
28
-phil
attracted to
29
-philia
condition of being attracted to
30
-philic
pertaining to being attracted to
31
-plastic
pertaining to formation
32
-plastin
formation
33
-poiesis
formation
34
-rrhagic
pertaining to abnormal flow
35
-stasis
standing still
36
the average adult has about ___ liters of blood
5
37
blood cells are produced in ____________________
bone marrow
38
plasma consists of
90-92% water and 8-10% dissolved substances (proteins)
39
albumin
transports fatty substances
40
gamma globulins
act as antibodies
41
fibrinogen
clotting protein
42
adults have about __________ red blood cells
35 trillion
43
_______________ gives erythrocytes their red color
hemoglobin
44
red blood cells live __________ and are removed from circulation by the liver
120 days
45
3 types of granulocytes
1- basophils
2- eosinophils
3- neutrophils
46
basophils
release histamine and heparin to damaged tissue
47
eosinophils
destroy parasites and increase during allergic reactions
48
neutrophils
engulf foreign material and dead cells via phagocytosis
49
2 types of agranulocytes
1- monocytes
2- lymphocytes
50
monocytes
engulf foreign and damaged cells via phagocytosis
51
lymphocytes
provide protection during the immune response
52
bas/o
base
53
cyt/o
cell
54
eosin/o
rosy red
55
erythr/o
red
56
phleb/o
vein
57
sanguin/o
blood
58
septic/o
infection
59
thromb/o
clot
60
-al
pertaining to
61
-aphresis
removal, carry away
62
-cytic
pertaining to cells
63
-cytosis
more than the normal number of cells
64
-ion
action
65
-oid
resembling
66
-osis
abnormal condition
67
-ous
pertaining to
68
-penia
too few
69
-plastic
pertaining to formation
70
-rrhage
abnormal flow
71
-rrhagic
pertaining to abnormal flow
72
auto-
self
73
contra-
against
74
mono-
one
75
pan-
all
76
poly-
many
77
trans-
across
78
leukocytic
pertaining to a white blood cell
79
lymphocytic
pertaining to a WBC formed in lymphatic tissue
80
monocytic
pertaining to a WBC with a single large nucleus
81
neutrophilic
pertaining to a WBC that attracts neutral pH stain
82
sanguineous
pertaining to blood
83
thrombocytic
pertaining to clotting cells or platelets
84
thrombotic
pertaining to a clot
85
clinical laboratory science
healthcare profession is concerned with collecting samples and performing tests to analyze blood, body fluids, tissues, and other substances to determine health or disease
86
hematology
the branch of medicine specializing in the treatment of diseases and conditions of the blood
87
phlebotomy
involves puncture of a vein to remove blood for a diagnostic test
88
acidosis
abnormal condition where pH of blood is too low (too acidic)
89
alkalosis
an abnormal condition where the pH of blood is too high (too alkaline)
90
coagulate
to convert a liquid to a solid, as in blood clotting
91
dyscrasia
general term for disease affecting blood
92
hematoma
collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels
93
hemorrhage
blood flowing out of vessel
94
thrombus
a hard collection of fibrin, blood vessels, and tissue debris that is the result of blood-clotting process
95
hemophilia
genetic disorder; blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor
96
pancytopenia
having too few of all blood cells
97
septicemia
having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream; also called blood poisoning
98
pernicious anemia (PA)
insufficient absorption of vitamin B12; unable to make RBCs
99
anemia
a reduction in number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin
100
erythrocytosis
condition of having too many RBCs
101
erythropenia
condition of having too few RBCs
102
leukocytosis
condition of having too many WBCs
103
leukopenia
condition of having too few WBCs
104
thrombocytopenia
condition of having too few platelets
105
thrombocytosis
condition of having too many platelets
106
blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)
incubation of blood to identify bacteria and determine the best antibiotic to use against them
107
C-reactive protein (CRP) test
blood test for information
108
complete blood count (CBC)
set of tests that includes RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count
109
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
determines the rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube
110
hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit)
measures volume of RBCs
111
hemoglobin (Hgb, hb, HGB)
measures amount of hemoglobin present
112
prothrombin time (pro-time, PT)
measures how long it takes for blood to coagulate and form a clot
113
white blood cell differential (diff)
determines the number of each variety of white blood cell
114
bone marrow aspiration
sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia
115
bone marrow transplant (BMT)
patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient's own bone marrow has been destroyed
116
ALL
acute lymphocytic leukemia
117
polycythemia vera
condition of having too many RBCs
118
AML
acute myelogenous leukemia
119
basos
basophils
119
BMT
bone marrow transplant
120
BMP
basic metabolic panel
121
CBC
complete blood count
122
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
123
CML
chronic myelogenous leukemia
124
CMP
comprehensive metabolic panel
125
CRP
C-reactive protein
126
diff
differential
127
eosins, eos
eosinophils
128
ESR, sed rate
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
129
HCT, Hct, crit
hematocrit
130
HDN
hemolytic disease of the newborn
131
Hbg, Hb
hemoglobin
132
lymphs
lymphocytes
133
monos
monocytes
134
PA
pernicious anemia
135
PRP
platelet-rich plasma
136
PT, pro-time
prothrombin time
137
Rh+
Rh-positive
138
Rh-
Rh-negative
139
the lymphatic system is a network of vessels that
picks up excess tissue fluid and absorbed fats
140
organs within the lymphatic system
- lymph nodes
- lymphatic vessels
- spleen
- thymus gland
- tonsils
141
adenoid/o
adenoids
142
axill/o
axilla or underarm
143
immun/o
protection
144
inguin/o
groin region
145
lymph/o
lymph
146
lymphaden/o
lymph node
147
lymphangi/o
lymph vessel
148
nucle/o
nucleus
149
splen/o
spleen
150
thym/o
thymus gland
151
tonsill/o
tonsils
152
-edema
swelling
153
-globulin
protein
154
-phage
to eat
155
-toxic
pertaining to poison
156
the lymphatic system serves 3 diverse purposes
1- collects and purifies excess tissue fluid, called lymph
2- assists with fat absorption
3- forms the body's defense against pathogens
157
lymph nodes are
small organs made of lymphatic tissue
158
lymph nodes house
lymphocytes and antibodies that remove pathogens and cell debris from lymph
159
lymph nodes are particularly
concentrated in several body regions
160
lymph nodes are located
- axillary
- cervical
- inguinal
- mediastinal
161
tonsils act as
filters to protect the body from pathogen invasion
161
3 sets of tonsils
1- palatine tonsils
2- pharyngeal tonsils
3- lingual tonsils
162
the spleen
destroys RBCs, recycles iron, and stores blood
163
the thymus gland secretes
thymosin
164
2 forms of immunity
1- natural immunity
2- acquired immunity
165
natural immunity
non-specific and does not require prior pathogen exposure
166
acquired immunity/adaptive immunity
the body's response to a specific pathogen and may be passive or active
167
passive acquired immunity results when a person receives protective substances
produced by another human or animal
- example:
- maternal antibodies crossing placenta
168
active acquired immunity develops
following direct exposure to a pathogen
169
immune response involves 2 distinct and different processes
1- humoral or antibody-mediated immunity
2- cellular or cell-mediated immunity
170
humoral immunity
production of B lymphocytes or B cells and they respond to antigens by producing antibodies
171
antibodies combine with the antigen to form an __________________complex
antigen-antibody
172
cellular immunity involves
production of T cells and NK cells and they physically attack and destroy pathogenic cells
173
cross-infection
pathogen is acquired from another person
174
reinfection
person becomes infected again with same pathogen
175
self-inoculation
pathogen spreads from one body site to another
176
conjuctiv/o
conjunctiva
177
cortic/o
outer layer
178
inguin/o
groin
179
lymph/o
lymph
180
myel/o
bone marrow
181
nas/o
nose
182
nucle/o
nucleus
183
path/o
disease
184
pneumon/o
lung
185
rhin/o
nose
186
sarc/o
flesh
187
tonsill/o
tonsils
188
-al
pertaining to
189
-ar
pertaining to
190
-ary
pertaining to
191
-atic
pertaining to
192
-ectomy
surgical removal
193
-gram
record
194
-graphy
process of recording
195
-ia
condition
196
-iasis
abnormal condition
197
-ic
pertaining to
198
-itis
inflammation
199
-logy
study of
200
-megaly
enlargement
201
-oma
tumor
202
-osis
abnormal condition
203
-pathy
disease
204
-therapy
treatment
205
anti-
against
206
auto-
self
207
mono-
one
208
vaccines are ___________ _____________ ____________
active acquired immunity
209
axillary
pertaining to the underarm region
210
inguinal
pertaining to the groin region
211
lymphangial
pertaining to the lymph vessels
212
lymphatic
pertaining to lymph
213
splenic
pertaining to the spleen
214
thymic
pertaining to the thymus
215
tonsillar
pertaining to the tonsils
216
lymphedema
edema in the extremities due to an obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels
217
splenomegaly
an enlarged spleen
218
allergic asthma
inflammation and narrowing of airways triggered by inhaling allergens
219
allergic conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by allergens in the air
220
allergic rhinitis
an allergic reaction caused by inhaling an allergen
221
anaphylactic shock
life-threatening condition from severe allergic reaction
222
contact dermatitis
skin irritation caused by the skin coming in direct contact with an allergen
223
adenoiditis
inflammation of the adenoids
224
elephantiasis
inflammation and obstruction of lymph vessels
225
Hodgkin's disease HD
cancer of the lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes
226
lymphadenitis
inflammation of lymph nodes
227
lymphadenopathy
general term for lymph node disease
228
lymphangioma
tumor in lymphatic vessel
229
lymphoma
tumor in lymphatic tissue
230
mononucleosis (mono)
acute viral infection with a large number of atypical lymphocytes
231
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
cancer of the lymphatic tissue other than Hodgkin's lymphoma
232
thymoma
tumor of the thymus gland
233
tonsilitis
inflammation of the tonsils
234
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
defect in cell-mediated immunity
235
AIDS-related complex (ARC)
early stage of AIDS
236
graft versus host disease (GVHD)
complication of bone marrow transplant
237
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
virus that causes AIDS
238
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)
skin cancer seen in AIDS patients
239
multiple myeloma
cancer that originates in plasma cells
240
pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
common in AIDS patients
241
severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
genetic; individuals are born without a functioning immune system
242
carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection
infection by a group of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics
243
clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection
infection causes inflammation of the colon
244
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
infection with bacteria resistant to many common antibiotics
245
antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
blood test to diagnose autoimmune disease
246
lymphangiogram
x-ray record of lymphatic vessels
247
lymphangiography
x-ray taken of lymphatic vessels after injection of dye
248
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
images of soft tissues created using electromagnetic energy
249
monospot
blood test infectious mononucleosis
250
immunotherapy
injection of immunoglobulin or antibodies to treat a disease
251
vaccination
exposure to weakened pathogen to stimulate immune response
252
adenoidectomy
surgical removal of the adenoids
253
lymphadenectomy
surgical removal of a lymph node
254
splenectomy
surgical removal of the spleen
255
thymectomy
surgical removal of the thymus
256
tonsillectomy
surgical removal of the tonsils
257
