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PSYC 1011 > Chapter 13 Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Questions Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

define social psychology

A

study of how peoples influence others behavior, beliefs, and attitudes

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2
Q

What is the need to belong theory

A

the theory that humans have a biologically based need for interpersonal connections

We can suffer psycological and physical concenquences when deprived

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3
Q

what is social conitagion
Provide example

A

we turn to others to better understand ourselvs

turbulance on an airplane makes people jitter

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4
Q

define mass hysteria

A

A contagious outbreak of irrational behavior that spreads much like a flu

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5
Q

what are attributions

A

process of assigning cause to behavior

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6
Q

what is the fundemental atribution error

A

tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on others behavior

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7
Q

what are dispositional influences

A

enduring charisterics

personality traits ,attitudes, intillignse

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8
Q

how is the fundemental atribution error associated with cultural factors

A

chinese participanta are less likely to assume dispositional influences

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9
Q

define conformity

A

tendency of people to alter their behavior as a result of group pressure

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10
Q

what was the conformity experiment

A

had participants sit among a board of peers

had to answe questions in which the participanta could blantantly see the right answer but the confederates would intentiionall say the wrong answer

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11
Q

what are the 3 reasonsn behind conformity

A

unanimity
-match the rest of the people

difference in the wrong answer
- if the answers differe the participant os more likely to say their truth

size
- size of the group up to 5

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12
Q

define deindividuation

A

the tendency of people to engage in atypical behavior when stripped of their usual identites

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13
Q

what study represented deindividuation

A

stanford prision study

random students were grouped into prisoner and guard catagories

thi started as a simulation however the participants went too far

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14
Q

define groupthink

A

an emphesis on group unamity at the expense of critical thinking

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15
Q

what are 4 symptoms of groupthink

A
  • conformity pressure
  • steryotyping the outgroup
  • self-censorship
  • mindgaurds
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16
Q

what is a way to treat groupthink

A

appoint a devlis advocate

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17
Q

what are 4 ways cults promote groupthink

A
  • Persuasive leadership
  • Disconect from outside world
  • Discourage questioning of assumptions
  • gradually indoctrineate members
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18
Q

what is the inoculation effect

A

approach to convincing people to change their minds about something by first introducing reasons why the perspective might be right,
then folowing up by debunking them

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19
Q

how to resist indoctrenation that leads to cults

A

preform the inoculation effect

Find reason for belief then debunk

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20
Q

define obediance

A

adhereance to instructions from those of higher authority

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21
Q

why is obediance a doubble edge sowrd

A

it is very effective form accomplishing things. teaching environment, workforce

removes the thinking and morality form tasks as the tasked is only being obedient

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22
Q

what was the study that tested obedience

A

milgrims study

appointed participant as a teacher to torture the other person who happened to be another experimenter

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23
Q

what were possible variables that influenced the results of Milgrim’s study?

A
  • the white coat went off script and further persuaded participants more than others
  • some of the participants were skeptical of the cover story
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24
Q

what is the bystander nonintervention phenomenon

A

bystanders in emergencies typically want to intervene but often find themselves frozen, helpless to help

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25
what 2 variables contribute to bystander nonintervention
pluralistic ignorance difussion of responcibility
26
what is pluralistic ignorance
the error of assuming that no one in the group perceives things as we do To intervene in an emergency, we first need to recognize that an emergency is happening.
27
what is difussion of responcibility
the presence of others makes each person feel less responsible for the outcome.
28
what is social loafing
people slack off in groups
29
define altruism
the want to help others with the expectation that someone would help you in the future
30
what is genuine altruism
in some cases, people help others in discomfort because they feel empathetic towards them
31
what is the enlightment effect
learning about psychological research can change real-world behaviour for the better.
32
define aggression
behaviors intended to harm others, verbally emotionally or physically
33
what are situational factors that contribute to aggression
interpersonal provocation frustration media influences agressive cues aroused alcohol and drug tempature
34
how is aggression linked to personal factors
Personal traits - High negative emotion - Highly impulsive Sex differences - males more physical aggression -females more emotional Cultural differences - less prevalent in asian cultures -more violence where people defend their honor
35
what is relational aggression
form of anger marked by rumours, gossip, social exclusion, and nonverbal putdowns interpersonal manipulation
36
how does attitude relate to behaviour
- Attitudes are more highly correlated with behaviour when it comes to mind quickly - Attitudes to not Drive behaviour, it is only correlational
37
define attitude
a belief that includes an emotional component
38
define cognitive dissonance
state of tention between 2 or more conflicting thoughts
39
how to reduce cognitive dissonance
change one arguremnt to one that confomrs with belief add another value that adheres to your belifs
40
what is the 1$ study
a study that bored participants to deth then asked the participants to speak good to the experiment in exchange for either $20 or $1 people were more receptible to the 1
41
what role did cognative dissonance play in the $1 experiment
participants behaviors changed their attitudes
42
what is self perception theory
proposes that we aquire our attitudes by observing our behaviors
43
what is impression management theory
we dont really change our attitudes in cognitive dissonance studies, we only tell the experimenters we have
44
what are the 2 routes to persuade others
central route peripheral route
45
what is the central route of persuasion
focuses on informal content 4x4, loud exaust, functional features
46
what is the perefferial route of persuasion
focuses on surface aspects leather seats, carbon fiber, colour how appealing is it to others
47
what are 3 negotiation techniques
foot in the door - start with a small request then it grows door in the face - start with large request then brings it down low ball teqnique - very low money for then add ons
48
Define prejudice
to prejudge something negitivly before evaluating all evidence
49
define steryotype
a belief positive or negitive about a groups charesterics that we apply to most members of that group attribution error negative is their disposition positive is luck
50
define cognative meiser
strive to save mental energy
51
same and difference between prejudice and steryotype
same - generalizations based on social conditioning - lead to discrimination difference -neutral vs negative - prejudice involves emotional response
52
define ultimate attribution error
the mistake of attributing the negitive behavior of entire groups to their dispositions
53
define adaptive conservatism
creates a predisposition of distrust against anything or anyone unfamiliar or different
54
define in group bias
the tendancy to favour individuals inside our group relative to members of the outside group
55
define out group homogenity
the tendency to view all people outside of our group as highly simular
56
define discrimination
the act of treating members of outgroups differently from members of in-groups.
57
how does prejudice relate to discrimination?
prejudice refers to ngitive attitudes Discrimination refers to negitive behaviors can be prejudice without discriminatory
58
How did Jane Elliott make discrimination
devided class into favoured and non favoured groups based on eye colour the trial brought the favoured group to dislike and taunt the unfavoured
59
define scapegoat hypothesis
prejudice arises from a need to blaime other groups for our misfortunes
60
define just world hypothesis
many of us have a deep-seated need to perceive the world as fair to believe that all things happen for a reason
61
define implicit prejudice
predjuices that we are unaware of
62
define explicit prejudice
prejudice that we are aware of
63
what is the IAT
implicit association test
64
what are ideal condiditons for reducing prejudice
engage groups in activities that required them to cooperate in completing an overarching goal
65
what are the roots of prejudice
Scapegoat hypothesis Just world hypothesis conformity
66
define jigsaw classroom
educationa lapproach designed to minimize prejudice by requiring all children to make independent contributions to a shared project
67
define cult
groups that exibit intense and unquestioning devotion to a single cause

PSYC 1011 (12 decks)

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