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PSYC 1011 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 criteria that psychologists use to establish a mental disorder

A

Statistical rarity
Subjective Distress
Impairment
Societal Disapproval
Biological dysfunction

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2
Q

What is statistical rarity

A

Uncommon in the population
Atypical behavior

Abnormality ones not mean mental disorder

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3
Q

What is subjective distress

A

Mental disorders can produce physical pain

Not all psychological disorders generate distress (mania)

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4
Q

What is impairment

A

Mental disorders impede with peoples everyday life.
Can destroy marriages, friendships, and jobs.

Laziness can produce impairment but is not a mental disorder

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5
Q

What is biological Dysfunction

A

Biological markers present in the body
Failure of physiological systems

Phobias don’t require abnormalities

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6
Q

What is a culture bound syndrome

A

Syndromes that are caused or connected to a societal influence

Eating disorders are connected to North American advertisements

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7
Q

What are 4 misconceptions about diagnosis

A

Psychiatric Diagnosis…
- Is nothing more than pidgionholding
- are unreliable
- are invalid
- stigmatize people

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8
Q

How do people think that psychiatric diagnosis are nothing more than pidgionholding

A

People think that it is sorting people into boxed, when they are diagnosed people think that everyone who holds that diagnosis is the same in all ways

In reality people with same diagnosis implies they are the same in at least.1 important way

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9
Q

How do people think that psychiatric disorders are unreliable

A

Field by media coverage of duelling experts in criminal

People see this as low interrter reliability

Reality mental disorders have a high interrater reliability

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10
Q

How do people think that psychiatric disorders are invalid

A

They don’t provide us with much new information

Kinda valid but many mental disorders fulfil validity criteria

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11
Q

How do people think that psychiatric diagnosis stigmatize people

A

Psychiatric diagnosis exert powerful negative effects on peoples perceptions and behaviors

12 people got administered asymptomatic ally then could not leave without a diagnosis

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12
Q

What 5 criteria show psychiatric validity

A

Distinguishes diagnosis from others
Predicts performance on tests `
Predicts family history
Predicts natural history
Predicts Responce to treatment

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13
Q

What us the official system for classifying mental disorders in North America

A

DSM
DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS

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14
Q

What are 4 criticism of the DSM-5

A

Not all diagnosis meet the criteria for validity
High level of Comorbidity
Medicalizes normality
Relies on a categorical model of psychopathology

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15
Q

What disorder poses symptoms of: Excessive worry; physical tension, irritability across
many areas of functioning

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

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16
Q

What disorder poses symptoms of: Fear focused on particular object/situation, avoidance of feared object/situation

A

Phobic disorder

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17
Q

What disorder poses symptoms of: Repeated and unexpected panic attacks, persistent concerns about future attacks, change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them

A

Panic disorder

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18
Q

What disorder poses symptoms of:

Obsession: intrusive thought
Compulsion: Ritualized behavior to control anxiety
from thought

A

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

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19
Q

What disorder poses symptoms of:

Avoiding thoughts/images of past traumatic
experience; physiological response to stress is
dysregulated

A

Post traumatic stress disorder

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20
Q

What disorder poses symptoms of:

Fear of being in a place or situation from which
escape is difficult, can be outgrowth of panic disorder,
fear of panic attack

A

Agoraphobia

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21
Q

What disorder poses symptoms of:

Intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations,
anxiety goes well beyond stage fright most of us feel,;
avoidance of social situation

A

Social anxiety disorder

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22
Q

What disorder poses symptoms of:

Sadness, empty feeling, physical slowing

A

Major depressive disorder

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23
Q

What disorder poses symptoms of:

Episode of mania: increase in goal oriented behavior,
euphoria followed by episode of depression

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A

Bipolar disorder

24
Q

What disorder poses symptoms of:

Sudden loss of memory for important personal info,
cannot be explained by normal forgetting

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A

Dissociative Amnesia

25
What disorder poses symptoms of: Co-existence of 2 or more complete personalities in one person, markedly disrupts the person’s usal sense of identity, may be observed by others, there is typically a host personality (main) that is distinguished from alters (very different from host)
Dissociative Identity Disorder
26
What disorder poses symptoms of: Feeling detached from oneself; may feel like observing body from another perspective
Depersonalization Disorder
27
What disorder poses symptoms of: Delusions, Hallucinations, disorganized speech
Schizophrenia Positive symptoms
28
What disorder poses symptoms of: Extreme instability of mood, instability of identity, impulse control problems, difficulty in interpersonal relations
Borderline personality disorder
29
What disorder poses symptoms of: Guiltless, dishonest, manipulative, callous, selfcentered, shallow affect
Antisocial personality disorder Psychopathy
30
What disorder poses symptoms of: Attention deficit; impulsivity; hyperactivity
Attention Deficit Hyperactivityy Disorder ADHD
31
What disorder poses symptoms of: Violation of rules; disregard for the rights of others
Conduct disorder
32
What disorder poses symptoms of: Deficits in 1. Social reciprocity and communication (non-verbal & verbal) 2. Repetitive and restrictive behavior
Autism spectrum disorder
33
What are 5 major suicide risk factors
Depression Hopelessness Unemployment Family History of suicide Old age, especially in men
34
What is an interpersonal model of depression
Depression as a social disorder When people become depressed they seek reassurance, which leads others to dislike and reject them. People who speak to those who are depressed become more depressed themselves
35
What is the behavioral model of depression
Depression as a loss of reinforcement Depression results from a low rate of response-contingent positive reinforcement People with depression try different things and receive no payoff for them, they eventually give up
36
What is the learned helpless model of depression
Depression as a Consequence of uncontrollable events When you cannont escapee the pain you become helpless (Dogs and shock fence)
37
Define demonic model
the view in which hearing voices, talking to oneself, and other odd behaviours were attributed to evil spirits taking over the body
38
what is the medical model
people came to perceive mental illness as a physical disorder requiring medical treatment
39
define asylum
institutions for those with mental illness
40
what is moral tratment
those with mental illness should be treated with dignity, kindness, and respect.
41
what is deinstitutionalization
featured two major components -releasing hospitalized psych patients to the community -closing mental hospitals
42
what is a labeling theorist
scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnosis exerts powerful negative effects on peoples perceptions and behaviors
43
define prevalence
a percentage of people in the population with a disorder
44
define comorbidity
co-occurrence of 2 or more diagnoses in the same person
45
what is a categorical model
a mental disorder is either present or absent no inbetween
46
what is a dimensional model
mental disorders differ in functionality opposed to kind there's different intensities of mental disorders
47
what is the mental disorder defence
a legal defence that claims people who are not mentally sound should not be held criminally responsible
48
what is involuntary commitment
procedure for protecting us from people with mental disorders or protecting them from themselves
49
what is an obsession
a persistent idea thought, or impulse that is unwanted and inappropriate and causes marked distress
50
what is a compulsion
repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are undertaken to prevent ditress ore relieve shame and guilt
51
what is anxiety sensitivity
fear of anxiety-related sensations
52
what is the cognitive model of depression
hold that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations
53
define delusions
strongly held, fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality They are psychotic symptoms
54
define psychotic symptoms
psychological problem reflecting serious distortions in reality
55
define hallucination
sensory perceptions that occour in the absence of an external stimulus
56
what is a catatonic symptom
motor problems extreme resistance with complying to simple suggestions hold the body in bizarre rigid postures or curl up in fetal positions
57
what is Diathesis-stress model
propose that schizophrenia, along with other mental disorders, is a joint product of genetic vulnerability called diathesis and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

PSYC 1011 (12 decks)

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