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PSYC 1011 > Chapter 14 questions > Flashcards

Chapter 14 questions Flashcards

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1
Q

define personality

A

People’s typical ways of thinking feeling and behaving

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2
Q

define traits

A

the relatively enduring proposition that influences our behaviour across many situations

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3
Q

what are the 3 broad factors thought to influence personality

A

Genetic factors
Shared environmental factors
Nonshared environmental factors

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4
Q

how do genetic factors influence personality

A

personalities have been linked to our biological parents’ makeup

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5
Q

how do shared enviromental factors influence personality

A

some experiances make people within the same family more alike

parents treating their kids the same is a shared environmental factor

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6
Q

how do nonshared environmental factors influence personality

A

some experiences make individuals within the same family less alike

parents showing favouritism or treating different kids differently

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7
Q

how were twin studies used to determine the genetic impact on personality

A

the genetics in twins are brought up together vs apart in both fraternal and identical

this means that genetics play a role in personality

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8
Q

how do adoption studies support the genetic influence on personality

A

shared environment plays little to no role in adult personality.

an adopted child’s personality more resembles the biological parents

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9
Q

define molecular genetic studies

A

invistigation that allows researchers to pinpoint genes associated with specific personality traits

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10
Q

does birth order effect personality

A

no

one exception is a study that says later borns ar more likely to accept radical ideas

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11
Q

define nomothetic approaches

A

scientific approch that seeks out general principles in nature rather than principles specific to an individual

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12
Q

define idographic approaches

A

scientific approaches that focus on identifying the unique configuration of charisterics and life history experiences within a person

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13
Q

what are the 3 components of freuds psychoanalytic theory

A

Psychic determinism
Symbolic meaning
unconscious motivation

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14
Q

what is Psychic determinism of freuds psychoanalytic theory

A

the assumption that all psycological events have a cause

we arent free to chose our actions

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15
Q

what is symbolic meaning of freuds psychoanalytic theory

A

no action is meaningless
all are attributed to preceding mental causes

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16
Q

what is the unconscious motivation of freuds psychoanalytic theory

A

we rarely understand why we do what we do but we are able to make an explanation after the fact

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17
Q

what is the “Id”

A

resovoir of our primative impulses
entirely unconscious

sex and aggression

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18
Q

what is the pleasure principle

A

tendency of the Id to strive for imidate gratification

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19
Q

What is the Superego

A

our sense of morality

The sense of right and wrong

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20
Q

what is the ego

A

psyche executive and principal decision maker

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21
Q

what is the reality principle

A

tendency of the ego to postpone gratification until it can find an appropriate outlet

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22
Q

define the defence mechanism

A

unconscious maneuvers intended to minimize anxiety

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23
Q

what connects anxiety and defence mechinisms

A

the person lacking defence mechanisms would be at the mercy of uncontrollable anxiety

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24
Q

what are the 8 defence mechanisms

A

Repression
Denial
Reaction-formation
Homophobia
projection
displacement
rationalization
sublimation

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25
what is repression
motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories or impulses
26
what is Denial
motivated forgetting of distressing external experiences
27
what is reaction-formation
transformation of an anxiety-provoking emotion into its opposites
28
what is projection
unconscious attribution of our negative charicterics to others
29
what is displacement
directing an impulse from a socially unacceptable target onto a safer one
30
what is rationalization
provides a reasonable sounding explanation for unreasonable behaviors or for failures
31
what is sublimations
transforming a socially unacceptable influence into a desired goal
32
define the erogenous zone
sexually arouzing zone of the body
33
what is the oral zone
12m-18m psychosexual stage that focuses on the mouth Sucking and drinking Smokers and drinkers
34
what is the anal zone
1.5 - 3y alleviates tension by expelling feces neat or lazy
35
what is the phallic atage
3-6 y genetials fall in love with opposite sex want to kill same sex parent
36
define penis envy
girls are inferior as they do not have a penis
37
what is the latency stage
6-12y dormant sexual stage opposite sex yucky /coodies
38
what is the genital stage
12y + renewed sexual impulses mature relationships
39
what are the critisims of psychoanalytic theory
unfalsifiable failed predictions questionable conception of the onconceousnes Unrepresentitive samples emphasis on shared environment
40
How is psycoanalytic theory criticised by being unfalsifiable
impossible to refute hypothesis from freud
41
How is psychoanalytic theory criticized by failed predictions
froid claimed potty training was associated to personality but was proven not to be
42
How is psychoanalytic theory criticized by questionable conception of the unconscious
we falsely identify the cause of our actions
43
How is psychoanalytic theory criticized by reliance on unrepresentative samples
limited external validity or generialisability
44
How is psychoanalytic theory criticized by shared environmental influences
Freud thought shared environment played a key role in personality
45
what are neo-Freudian theories
theories derrived from freuds model, that placed emphasis in a sexual driving force in personality. more optimistic in the prospects for long term personality growth
46
define the style of life
each persons distinctive way of acheiving superiority
47
define inferority complex
feelings of low self-esteem that can lead to overcompensation for those feelings
48
define the collective unconsciousness
our shared storehouse of memories that ancestors have passed down to us across generations
49
define archtypes
cross-culturally universal symbols
50
what is the view of determinism
believe that actions are products of preexisting casual influences were convinced we can select our behaviours only because we are unaware of the factors that trigger them
51
what is the view of unconscious processing
every action comes from an interaction we are unaware of the reasons causing the behaviour
52
define social learning theorists
social cognative theorists emphasize thinking as a cause of personality
53
define recriprical determinism
tendency for people to mutually influence each other's behaviour
54
define self-actualization
the drive to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent
55
What are rodgers 3 major components of personalities
the organism the Self COnditions of worth
56
what is the organism in rodgers components of personality
Inheriantly positive innate , genetic bluprint our genes
57
what is the self in Rogers components of personality
who we think we are
58
what is he conditions of worth in rodgers components of personality
the expectations we place on ourselfs result of ignorance
59
what are the charisterics of self actualized people
creative spontanious accepting of themselvs and others
60
define factor analysis
statistical technique that analysis the corelations among responses on personality inventories and other measures
61
what are the big 5 dimensions of personality?
CANOE Conscientousness Agreeablence Neuroticism Openness Extroversion
62
define Continuousness
Careful and responsible
63
define agreeablence
Easyness to get along with
64
define Neuroticim
Emotionally unstable Tense and moody
65
Define Openness
intellectually curious unconventional travel
66
define extroversion
social and lively recharge off other people
67
define lexical approach
approach proposing that th emost crucial features of personality are embedded in our language
68
what is the big 5
5 traits that surfaced repeatedly iin factor analyses of personality measures
69
can personality change according to the big 5
no it says personality is fixed
70
what orientation of the big 5 makes good grades in school
high openess low neuroticism High agreeableness
71
what did gales propose about assessing personality
bodily fluids theory
72
what did sheldon propoese about assessing personality
body type assessment A - fat and lazy B- fit and regular C- lanku
73
what is a structured personality test
paper and pencil test consisting of questions that respondents answer in one of a few fixed ways
74
what does MMPI stand for
Minnisota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
75
What are the 3 validity scales of the MMPI
L - lie detection F- Freequency / malingering (faking a disorder) K- Correction - subset lie scale (do you watch your kid 24/7? )
76
what is the rational /therorhetical method of test construction
approach to building tests that requires test developers to begin with a clear cut concept of a trait then write items to assess that concept
77
what is a projective test
test consisting of ambiguous stimuli that examinees must interpert or make sence of
78
what is an example of a Projective test
Inkblot test interpert what you see it reflects something in your life
79
define projective hypothesis
hypothesis that in the process of interperting ambiguois stimuli examinees project aspects of their personality onto the stimuli
80
what is the Rorshach inkblot test
projective test soncisiting of 10 symetrical inkblots
81
how many true/false on the MMPI
567
82
What is the TAT
Thematic appreciation test projective test requiring examinees to tell a story in responce to ambiguous oictures
83
what is the PT barnum effect
the tendency of people to accept high base rate descriptions as accurate horoscopes
84
what is an Oedipus complex
conflict during phallic stage in which boys supposedly love their mothers romantically and want to kill their fathers
84
what is a peak experience
transcendent moment of intence excitment and tranquillity marked by a profound sense of connection to the world
85
what is face validity
the extent to which respondents can tell what the items are measuring

PSYC 1011 (12 decks)

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