Chapter 9

Question 1

What was galton’s theory

Answer 1

he proposed that intelligence is a byproduct of sensory input

Question 2

what do experts agree about the construct of intelligence?

Answer 2

Reason abstractly
Learn to adapt to novel stimuli
Aquire Knowledge
Benefit from Experience

Question 3

Define Intelligence test

Answer 3

diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability

Question 4

Define Abstract thinking

Answer 4

capacity to understand hypothetical concepts

Question 5

What was Spearmeans theory

Answer 5

All intelligence shared a general/ central factor “g” =, which accounted for overall differences between people’s intellect
Spearman also proposed the existence of “s”, which held the differences in thinking.

Question 6

What is g ( general intelligence)

Answer 6

hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people

Question 7

What is s ( specific abilities)

Answer 7

particular ability level in a narrow domain

Question 8

Define Fluid Intelligence

Answer 8

the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems

Question 9

Define Crystalized intelligence

Answer 9

The accumulated knowledge of the world we acquire over time.

Question 10

What was Cattell and Horn’s theory of IQ.

Answer 10

it is a combined theory that proposed Fluid intelligence to be more comparable to a mental engine “g”
Fluid intelligence degrades overtime while crystallized stays consistent.

Question 11

What were the flaws to Gardiners theory

Answer 11

Its not clear what qualifies as an intelligence
there is no way to falsify this claim

Question 11

What was gardners theory of multiple intelligence

Answer 11

he theorised that there were 8, possibly 9, catagories of intelligence
Teachers adopted this with the idea of teaching to the strengths of their students

Question 12

Define multiple Inteligences

Answer 12

the idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill

Question 13

what are the 3 elements of the triarchic model

Answer 13

Analytical
- book smarts
Practical
- Street smarts
Creative
- Creativity/novel and effective answers

Question 14

what is the triarchic model

Answer 14

model of intelligence proposed by Robert Steinberg positing three distinct types of intelligence

Question 15

Whos model is the triarchic model

Answer 15

Steinberg

Question 16

what has been found about brain size and intelligence in humans? what does that mean

Answer 16

Brain size correlates across species it is uncorrelated within species.

brain size and IQ are positively correlated however it is not a causation

Question 17

What has been found about reaction time and IQ

Answer 17

reaction time and IQ are negitivle correlated meaning as IQ goes up time to react goes down

Question 18

What had been found about IQ and memory

Answer 18

working memory and IQ are moderately correlated Positivly

Question 19

What part of the brain is most strongly associated with g

Answer 19

prefrontal cortex

Question 20

what does the double curse of incompetence refer to

Answer 20

people with poor cognitive skills are more likely to overestimate their intellectual abilities

Question 21

What was the stanford-binet IQ test

Answer 21

intelligence test based on the measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis Terman of Stanford.

Question 22

Define Intelligence quotient

Answer 22

IQ
systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence

Question 23

Define Mental Age

Answer 23

age corresponding to the average individual’s performance on an intelligence

Question 24

what was the formula for IQ

Answer 24

IQ= 100 (mental age/ chronological age)

Question 25

what was the flaw in the origional IQ test

Answer 25

after age 16, age increased (denominator) while the numerator(mental age) stayed constant

Question 26

which statistic do modern IQ tests rely on

Answer 26

Deviation IQ using a static measure of variability. Compares ones score to that of their peers of relative age

Question 27

What is deviation IQ

Answer 27

expression of a person's IQ relative to their same-aged peers

Question 28

what are 2 disturbing practices associated with eugenics

Answer 28

- US and Canada passed laws to restrict immigration from other countries marked by low intelligence. there became a hierarchy of immigration status - Canadian provinces passed laws to preform nonconsensual sterilization of "low IQ individuals".

Question 29

what is Eugenics

Answer 29

the movement to improve a population's genetic stock by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce (positive eugenics) and discouraging those with bad genes from reproducing (negative eugenics).

Question 30

What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale? (WAIS)

Answer 30

most widely used intelligence scale for adults today, consisting of 15 subtests to assess different types of mental abilities.

Question 31

what is a culture-fair IQ test

Answer 31

abstract reasoning measure that doesn't depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests.

Question 32

What is the stability of IQ through infancy into childhood

Answer 32

at about 6months IQ measured correlates at about a zero with adult IQ

Question 33

What 3 lines suggest schooling influences IQ

Answer 33

1) children who are days apart in age but have different academic experiences show different. intelligence levels 2) Children's IQ tends to drop during summer vacation 3) students who drop out of school tend to have lower IQs than those who stay in school.

Question 34

Define the Flynn effect

Answer 34

finding that the average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of 3 points per decade

Question 35

what 4 things could explain the Flynn effect

Answer 35

1) Increased test sophistication 2) Increased complexity of the modern world 3) better nutrition 4) changes at home and school

Question 36

How does gender Impact IQ

Answer 36

Men have a higher presence at the higher and lower ends of the bell curve Women are more focused at the average IQ There is an approximately 5pt difference between men and women

Question 37

define within-group heritability

Answer 37

extent to which the variability of a trait within a group is genetically influenced

Question 38

define between group heritability

Answer 38

extent to which the difference in a trait between groups is genetically influenced

Question 39

define stereotype threat

Answer 39

the fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype

Question 40

define Intelectual Disability

Answer 40

A condition characterized by an onset prior to adulthood, an IQ below 70, and an inability to engage in adequate daily function.

Question 41

How does IQ relate to poverty

Answer 41

Poverty may contribute to low IQ, but low IQ may contribute to poverty. IQ is positivity associated with social class.

Question 42

what 3 ways were used to study the impact of genes on IQ

Answer 42

Family studies Twin studies Adoption studies

Question 43

what 3 criteria define Intelectual disibility

Answer 43

by an onset prior to adulthood, an IQ below 70, and an inability to engage in adequate daily functions.