Finals study Flashcards
Ch 1 2 8 9 10 (35 cards)
What are 5 types of psychologists
Clinical Psychologist
- assessment and treatment of mental disorders.
Counselling Psychologist
- temporary or self-contained problems
Developmental Psychologist
- Study how and why people change overtime
- research on infants and elderly
Biological Psychologist
- Examines the psychological basis of behavior
- lab settings
Forensic Psychologist
- works in criminal justice
Industrial Organization Psychological
- works with companies and marketing and advertising
What are the 3 levels of analysis used in psychology
Social Culture Influeces
- relating to others and personal relationships
Psycological
- involves thoughts feelings and emotions
Biological
- Involves molecules and brain structure
what are the 5 challenges of psychology
Human behaviour is difficult to predict
- actions are multiply determined
Psycological influences are rarely independent of another
- many disorders are intertwined
People differ from each other
- Individual differences cause people to respond differently to same stimulus
People influence each other
- Reciprocal determinism - we mutually influence each other
People behavior is shaped by culture
-people observe stimulus differently
what are 4 major types of research in Psyc
Naturalistic observation
Case studies
Self- Report Measures
Surveys
What is Naturalistic observation
Watching behavior in real-world settings without trying to manipulate peoples behavior
What is a case study
research design that examines one person or a small number of people in-depth, over an extended period of time
What is a Self-report measure?
Questionnaire
assess personality traits, mental illness, and interests
What are surveys
Measure peoples opinions and attitudes
What is validity
the extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to assess
What is external Validity
the extent to which we can generalize our findings to real-world settings
what is internal validity
the extent to which we can draw cause and effect inferences from a study
what are the 4 levels of language
Phonemes
Morphenes
Syntax
Extralinguistic information
What are Phonemes
The ingredients
category of sounds our vocal apparatus produces
There are about 100 worldwide
What are morphemes
the menu items
smallest meaningful unit of speech
strings of sounds that convey meaning but arent whole words
What are syntax
putting together a meal
grammatical rules that govern how words are composed into meaningful strings
What is extralinguistic Information
the overall expeeriance
elements of communication that arent part of the content of language but are critical to interpreting its meaning
What was Cattell and Horn’s theory of IQ.
it is a combined theory that proposed Fluid intelligence to be more comparable to a mental engine “g”
Fluid intelligence degrades overtime while crystallized stays consistent.
What was gardners theory of multiple intelligence
he theorised that there were 8, possibly 9, catagories of intelligence
Teachers adopted this with the idea of teaching to the strengths of their students
what are the 3 elements of the triarchic model
Analytical
- book smarts
Practical
- Street smarts
Creative
- Creativity/novel and effective answers
what is the triarchic model
model of intelligence proposed by Robert Steinberg positing three distinct types of intelligence
Whos model is the triarchic model
Steinberg
what has been found about brain size and intelligence in humans? what does that mean
Brain size correlates across species it is uncorrelated within species.
brain size and IQ are positively correlated however it is not a causation
Define the Flynn effect
finding that the average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of 3 points per decade
what 4 things could explain the Flynn effect
1) Increased test sophistication
2) Increased complexity of the modern world
3) better nutrition
4) changes at home and school
