Chapter 13: The Nervous Tissue

Question 1

What are the three functional categories of the nervous system

Answer 1

sensory, motor, and integrative

Question 2

stimuli changes in internal and external environment is detected by __________ receptors

Answer 2

sensory receptors

Question 3

this analyzes sensory information to decide actions

Answer 3

integrative function, makes decisions for appropriate responses

Question 4

the actual response to stimuli is the ____ function of the nervous system

Answer 4

motor function

Question 5

This is the major integrative center of the nervous system

Answer 5

CNS (Central)

Question 6

when the cell bodies of the nervous cells lie outside the CNS, it is then

Answer 6

part of the PNS (Peripheral)

Question 7

This is the major center for sensory and motor information in the nervous system

Answer 7

PNS

Question 8

What are the two types of nervous cells

Answer 8

glial and neurons

Question 9

the initiation of electric impulses is an

Answer 9

action potential

Question 10

Name four parts of the neuron

Answer 10

cell body, dendrites, axons, synapse

Question 11

this contains the nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and microtubules in a neuron

Answer 11

cell body/soma

Question 12

Nervous tissue called nuclei are clusters of cell bodies in the

Answer 12

CNS

Question 13

nervous tissue called ganglia are clusters of cell bodies in the

Answer 13

PNS

Question 14

what do dendrites look like

Answer 14

short, highly branches that grow and retreat

Question 15

what do dendrites do

Answer 15

receive impulses to send to cell body

Question 16

what do axons do

Answer 16

carry impulses away from body to nerves or muscles

Question 17

this is the area of axon adjacent to the cell body where the action potential occurs

Answer 17

axon hillock

Question 18

what is the snapse

Answer 18

junction between neuron and other cells

Question 19

this is the bulb shaped end of the axon

Answer 19

presynaptic terminal

Question 20

this is the cell/plasma membrane receiving impulses

Answer 20

postsynaptic cell/membrane

Question 21

this is the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic terminal

Answer 21

synaptic cleft

Question 22

what is found in the presynaptic terminal

Answer 22

vesicle with neurotransmitters

Question 23

what are neurotransmitters

Answer 23

chemical messengers, ligands to receptors

Question 24

explain the process for spreading neural impulses

Answer 24

changes in ion concentration open up changing charges, sending electrical impulses down the axon to release neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft to diffuse and initiate signals to open postsynaptic membrane

Question 25

this surrounds axon of neurons to speed up conduction of nerve impulses

Answer 25

myelin sheaths

Question 26

what forms myelin sheath in the CNS

Answer 26

oligodendrocytes

Question 27

what forms myelin sheaths in the PNS

Answer 27

shwann cells

Question 28

what are nodes of ranvier

Answer 28

gaps in myelin sheaths that contain ion channels

Question 29

what type of action potential traveling occurs on myelinated axons?

Answer 29

saltatory conduction

Question 30

what type of action potentional traveling occurs on unmyelinated axons

Answer 30

continuous conduction

Question 31

afferent neurons is another term for

Answer 31

sensory neurons

Question 32

efferent neurons is another term for

Answer 32

motor neurons

Question 33

these types of neurons are activated by electrical, chemical or mechanical stimuli

Answer 33

afferent/sensory

Question 34

neuromuscular junctions or glands are part of the _____ neurons

Answer 34

efferent/motor

Question 35

what creates the white color on axons

Answer 35

myelination

Question 36

what do glial cells do

Answer 36

support, nourish, protect neurons

Question 37

these maintain appropriate chemical environments for neurons

Answer 37

astrocytes and satellite cells

Question 38

these are phagocytize microbes and damage the nervous tissue (clean cellular debris)

Answer 38

microglia

Question 39

this is damage to myelin sheath in the CNS

Answer 39

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 40

Multiple Sclerosis can have these types of symptoms

Answer 40

motor, sensory, or cognitize

Question 41

the theories as of multiple sclerosis causes

Answer 41

autoimmune vs immune, genetic, etc

Question 42

what is the chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease in which antibodies blocka dn destroy receptrs on the sarcolemma

Answer 42

myasthenia gravis

Question 43

what occurs to skeletal muscles when one has myasthenia gravis

Answer 43

prevent contraction in muscles

Question 44

what are some treatments for myasthenia gravis

Answer 44

medication or plasmaphoresis

Question 45

what is the disease where ion channels are blocked, causing paralysis and eventually death within 3-20 hours

Answer 45

tetrodotoxin poisoning (TTX)