Chapter 19: Endocrine System

Question 1

the endocrine system works closely with this system

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

how does the endocrine system communicate

Answer 2

through hormones

Question 3

what type of cellular communication occurs in the human body

Answer 3

direct, paracrine, endocrine, and synaptic

Question 4

what is direct communication

Answer 4

cell to cell communication through gap junctions

Question 5

what is paracrine communication

Answer 5

communication within the tissues

Question 6

what is synaptic communication

Answer 6

communication of nuerotransmitters through synaptic clefts of neurons

Question 7

what determines the types of hormone that is released

Answer 7

the chemical structure

Question 8

how can hormones affect cells in another part of the body?

Answer 8

hormones are secreted by cells enter interstitial fluid, enter the bloodstream and is transported through the body, and finally binds to the receptors on the target cells

Question 9

how long does the process of hormone communication take?

Answer 9

slow process, minutes

Question 10

where are target cells located

Answer 10

mostly in glands, but also can be found in muscles, bones, kidney, and other organs

Question 11

these types of glands secrete into ducts of the lumen, body cavities, and body surface (usually the epithelial tissue)

Answer 11

exocrine

Question 12

these types of glands secrete hormones

Answer 12

endocrine

Question 13

structure that links the nervous system and the endocrine system

Answer 13

hypothalamus

Question 14

what does the hypothalamus secrete

Answer 14

regulatory hormones

Question 15

where are the regulatory hormones travel

Answer 15

to the anterior pituitary through the hypophyseal portal system

Question 16

where is the pituitary gland

Answer 16

the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Question 17

the pituitary gland is seperated into

Answer 17

anterior and posterior pituitary

Question 18

the anterior pituitary is also known as

Answer 18

adenohyphysis

Question 19

this connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

Answer 19

infundibulum

Question 20

which section of the pituitary gland is larger

Answer 20

anterior

Question 21

name the hormones that are produced and secreted in the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 21

andrenocorticotropic (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), human growth hormone (HGH), prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 22

what does the growth hormone do

Answer 22

increase protein synthesis and cell replication

Question 23

what does prolactin do

Answer 23

increase milk production and develope mammary glands

Question 24

what does follicle stimulating hormone do

Answer 24

send hormones to develop gametes

Question 25

what does luteinizing hormone do

Answer 25

send hormoens to gonads to release their own hormones

Question 26

the posterior pituitary is also known as

Answer 26

neurohypophysis

Question 27

what type of cells does the posterior pituitary gland store and secrete

Answer 27

neurosecretory cells

Question 28

what hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete

Answer 28

antidiuretic hormones (ADH) and oxytocin

Question 29

what does antidiuretic hormones (ADH) do?

Answer 29

holds water in kidneys

Question 30

what does oxytocin do

Answer 30

muscle contraction in uterus when giving birth

Question 31

Where is the thyroid gland

Answer 31

below larynx

Question 32

what does the theyroid gland look like

Answer 32

butterfly shaped with a right and left lobe

Question 33

name the hormones associated with the thyroid gland

Answer 33

T3, T4, and calcitonin

Question 34

what do the hormones of the thyroid gland do

Answer 34

T3/T4 regulate metabolic rate, calcitonin decreases calcium levels in blood

Question 35

where is the parathyroid gland found

Answer 35

the four small masses posterior surface of the thyroid, viewable at microscopic level.

Question 36

what hormone does parathyroid gland produce and secrete

Answer 36

parathyroid hormone

Question 37

what do hormones of the parathyroid do

Answer 37

increase blood calcium levels

Question 38

Where is the adrenal glands?

Answer 38

superior to kidney

Question 39

where is the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland

Answer 39

the peripheral

Question 40

what hormones are associated with the adrenal cortex

Answer 40

aldosterone, cortisol, and cortisone

Question 41

what do hormones of the adrenal cortex do

Answer 41

aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium levels, while cortisol and cortisone is release in times of stress to inhibit cells that cause inflamation

Question 42

explain how hormones of the adrenal cortex are associated with heart attacks

Answer 42

an increase in cortisone specifically can increase the fatty acid levels in the blood. This influences heart disease and in turn can increase risk of heart attacks

Question 43

where is the adrenal medulla

Answer 43

the inner region of the adrenal gland

Question 44

what hormones are associated with the adrenal medulla

Answer 44

epinephrine and norephinephrine

Question 45

what do hormones of the adrenal medulla do

Answer 45

stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, called the "flight or fight" hormones that increase heart rate and glycogen breakdown

Question 46

this structure has both exocrine and endocrine functions

Answer 46

pancreas

Question 47

these are the clusters of tissues found in the pancreas

Answer 47

the pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans

Question 48

what hormones are released in the pancreas

Answer 48

glucagen and insulin

Question 49

what do hormones of the pancreas do

Answer 49

regulate blood sugar. glucagen increase blood sugar levels, while insulin decreases blood sugar levels

Question 50

where is the pineal gland

Answer 50

in the diencephalon of the epithalamus, inferior to the posterior end of the corpus collusm

Question 51

what hormone does the pineal gland secrete and produce, what is it's function

Answer 51

melatonin that regulates one's circadian rhythm

Question 52

what is the function of the gonads

Answer 52

produce gametes

Question 53

what are the gonads for women

Answer 53

ovaries

Question 54

what are the gonads for men

Answer 54

testes

Question 55

what hormones do ovaries produce

Answer 55

estrogen and progesteron

Question 56

what hormone does the testes produce

Answer 56

testosterone