Chapter 20: Blood

Question 1

blood is _____ tissue

Answer 1

liquid connective

Question 2

the three general functions of blood

Answer 2

transport hormones, gases, and nutrients, regulate extracellular fluid, protection with immunity

Question 3

if oxygen content is high, blood color is

Answer 3

bright red

Question 4

if oxygen content is low, blood color is

Answer 4

dark red

Question 5

average amount of blood in women’s body

Answer 5

4-5 liters

Question 6

average amount of blood in male body

Answer 6

5-6 liters

Question 7

45 percent of blood is ______ while the other 55 percent of blood is ______

Answer 7

formed elements (cells) and plasma (extra cellular matrix)

Question 8

99% of the formed elements in the body are

Answer 8

red blood cells

Question 9

what is the composition of plasma?

Answer 9

90% water, 10% protein

Question 10

where are plasma proteins made

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

what are the three categories of plasma proteins

Answer 11

albumins, globulins, fibrinogens

Question 12

what do albumins regulate

Answer 12

osmotic pressure and water equilibrium

Question 13

what do globulins regulate

Answer 13

transportation and antibodies

Question 14

what do fibrinogens do

Answer 14

clot blood

Question 15

what are the dissolved substances that make up the plasma

Answer 15

electrolytes, gases, hormones, vitamins, and waste products

Question 16

name three types of formed elements in the blood

Answer 16

red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets

Question 17

what is hematocrit

Answer 17

total blood volume occupied by red blood cells

Question 18

what is a normal hematocrit level

Answer 18

35-50%

Question 19

why is hematocrit usually higher in males

Answer 19

men have more testosterone to increase red blood cell production

Question 20

the other name for red blood cells is

Answer 20

erythocytes

Question 21

what makes red blood cells flexible

Answer 21

no nucleus or organlles

Question 22

what are red blood cells made of

Answer 22

plasma membrane, cytosol, and hemoglobin

Question 23

what is the function of hemoglobin

Answer 23

carries oxygen (type of gobulin)

Question 24

what gives RBC their pigment

Answer 24

hemoglobin

Question 25

how many iron ions for each hemoglobin protein?

Answer 25

4

Question 26

what gases does iron bind to in the blood

Answer 26

oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

Question 27

these are the glycoproteins on the surface of cells

Answer 27

antigens

Question 28

what is another name for white blood cells

Answer 28

leukocytes

Question 29

how do leukocytes vary from erythocytes

Answer 29

leukocytes have nucleus and organelles, while erythocytes do not

Question 30

what are the two types of white blood cells

Answer 30

granular and agranular leukocytes

Question 31

what is difference between granular and agranular leukocytes

Answer 31

when looking in a light microscope, you can see cells in granular leukocytes but not in agrandular. There are still granular cells present though

Question 32

what are the three types of granular leukocytes

Answer 32

basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil

Question 33

what is the function of basophils

Answer 33

allergic reactions and inflammatory responses

Question 34

what is function of eosinophils

Answer 34

destroy parasites and combat allergic responses

Question 35

what is function of neutrophils

Answer 35

destroy/phagocytize bacteria

Question 36

what are the two types of agranular leukocytes

Answer 36

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 37

what is the function of lymphocytes

Answer 37

produce antibodies to mediate immune response

Question 38

what are three types of lymphoctes

Answer 38

T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells

Question 39

What is the function of monocytes

Answer 39

leave blood and become macrophages

Question 40

what is another name for platelets

Answer 40

thrombocytes

Question 41

what are platelets

Answer 41

not entire/whole cell, pieces called megakaryocyte

Question 42

what do platelets do

Answer 42

stop bleeding by filling holes in vessel walls

Question 43

what determines blood type in RBC

Answer 43

anigens

Question 44

what determines blood type in plasma

Answer 44

antibodies

Question 45

What are the three antigens that determine blood type

Answer 45

A, B, and Rh

Question 46

What do antibodies do

Answer 46

attack foreign antigens

Question 47

what happens if blood transfusion is wrong

Answer 47

blood antibodies attach and form intense blood clotting, causing death

Question 48

what blood type is the universal donor

Answer 48

O

Question 49

what blood type is the universal recipient

Answer 49

AB

Question 50

what does - or + mean for the blood?

Answer 50

the presences (or lack of presence) of RH antigens

Question 51

Rh(-) people have

Answer 51

no Rh antigens and an anti-Rh antibodies, but have inactive genes to make them

Question 52

Rh(+) people have

Answer 52

Rh antigens

Question 53

what happens if Rh(-) people are exposed to Rh one time

Answer 53

they will produce anti-Rh antibodies

Question 54

what happens if Rh(-) people are exposed to Rh antigen a second time

Answer 54

the anti-Rh antibodies previously made will attack