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HSS305 Anatomy > Chapter 24: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Respiratory System Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

respiratory system works with ______ system

A

cardiovascular

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2
Q

what does respiratory system do

A

supply blood with o2 and removes co2

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3
Q

what are the two pathways in the respiratory system

A

upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

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4
Q

what are the two parts of the upper RT

A

nose and pharynx

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5
Q

what are the parts of the lower RT

A

larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

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6
Q

what are the functions of the nose

A

warm, moisten, and filter air

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7
Q

what nerve goes to the nose

A

CN1

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8
Q

what is the external bone of the nose

A

nasal bone and maxilla

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9
Q

what is the cartilage that makes up the external nose

A

hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

what are external nares

A

opening of the nose/nostrils

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11
Q

what is the roof of the nasal cavity (nasal vestibule)

A

ethmoid and sphenoid bone

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12
Q

what is the floor of the nasal cavity (nasal vestibule)

A

hard palate

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13
Q

what is the nasal cavity divided by

A

nasal septum

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14
Q

what is the anterior nasal septum made of

A

hyaline carilage

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15
Q

what is the posterior nasal septum made of

A

perpendicular plante and vomer, bone

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16
Q

what are the projections of the nose

A

nasal conchae

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17
Q

what do nasal conchae do

A

warm and filter air

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18
Q

name two openings inside the nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal duct and paranasal sinus

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19
Q

what does the nasolacrimal duct do

A

connect nasal cavity to eyes to produce tears

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20
Q

what tissue is the lining of the nose

A

PCCE

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21
Q

what is the next respiratory structure after the nose

A

the pharynx

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22
Q

where is the pharynx

A

anterior to the vertebral column

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23
Q

what are the walls of the pharynx made of

A

skeletal muscle and mucous membrane

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24
Q

what are the three regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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25
where is the nasopharynx
posterior to the nasal cavity, between sphenoid bone and soft palate
26
what causes swallowing in the nasopharynx
the soft palate and uvula close off
27
name an opening in the nasopharynx
the pharngotympanic tube/auditory tube
28
what does the pharngotympanic tube/auditory tube do
connect to the middle ear to equality pressure
29
where is the pharyngeal tonsils/adenoid
the posterior wall of the nasopharynx
30
where is the oropharynx
between the soft palate and epiglottis
31
what tonsil is found in the oropharynx
palatine and lingual tonsils
32
what is the tissue lining the oropharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
33
where is the larngopharynx
ends into esophagus or larynx
34
what is the tissue lining of the larngopharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
35
what airway connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea
larynx
36
what is your adams apple called
larengeal prominence
37
where can the larengeal prominence be found
thyroid cartilage
38
what keeps the thyroid cartilage in place
ligaments that attach it to the hyoid bone and epiglottis
39
what is the function of the thyroid cartilage
maintain open airway
40
what does cricoid cartilage look like
bat symbol
41
where is the cricoid cartilage
inferior to thyroid cartilage, superior to thyroid gland
42
what is cricoid cartilage made of
hyaline cartilage
43
what is the function of cricoid cartilage
maintain open airways
44
what does the epiglottis seperate
orpharynx from larangopharynx
45
what is the function of cricoid cartilage
maintain open airways
46
what is the epiglottis made of
elastic cartilage
47
how does epiglottis close opening to larynx
when we swallow, muscles contract to lift larynx to meet epiglottis
48
what is vocal folds
mucous membrane lining larynx
49
what are the two types of vocal folds
true and false
50
properties of true vocal folds
produce sound, membrane covers inferior ligaments
51
properties of false vocal folds
do not produce sound, membrane covers superior ligament in larynx
52
the true and false vocal folds are lined with
Stratified SE
53
the larynx is lined with
PCCE
54
where is the trachea
anterior to the esophagus
55
what is located on the trachea
c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
56
where are the rings of carilage
anterior and lateral trachea
57
what trachea is lined with
PCCE
58
if you smoke, what happens to the trachea
the PCCE turns into stratified squamous epithelium
59
where is the cough reflex
carina
60
where does the trachea turn into the bronchi
at the carina
61
describe the right primary bronchi compared to that of the left
the right sits at a vertical angle, and is shorter and wider because of the location of the heart
62
what is the bronchi lined with
PCCE
63
describe the transition of the type of bronchi
primary to secondary to tertiary to bronchioles to terminal bronchioles to alveoli
64
as cartilage decreases in the bronchi _____ increases
smooth muscle
65
what is the tissue in the bronchi
PCCE
66
what is the tissue in bronchioles
simple CCE
67
what is the tissue in terminal bronchioles
simple cuboidal epithelium
68
what happens when someone has asthma
the smooth muscle in bronchi and bronchioles contracts to decrease diameter, reducing airflow
69
what are clusters of alveoli
alveolar sacs
70
what do alveoli do
they are the site of gas exchange between lungs and blood
71
what is the lining of alveoli
simple squamous epithelial cells
72
what are the two specialized cells in the alveoli
type I and type II pneumocytes
73
what are type 1 pneumocytes made of
simple squamous epithelial cells
74
what do type 1 pneumocytes do
gas exchange between alveoli and blood/diffusion
75
what do type II pneumocytes do
produce and secrete surfactant
76
what are type II pneumocytes made of
cube shaped secretory cells
77
what does surfactant do
reduce surface tension inside alveoli, keep it from collapsing
78
what separates the two lungs
mediastinum
79
what are the layers of the serous membrane/pleura
parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleaura
80
what does pleural fluid do
reduce friction between membranes
81
where is the hilum of the lungs
the medial surface
82
what is located at the hilum
pulmonary vessels and primary bronchi
83
how many lobes does the left lung have
two
84
how many lobes does the right lung have
three
85
what is the oblique fissure
divide the superior and inferior lobe
86
what is the horizontal fissure
division between the superior and middle lobe on the right lung
87
what are the two impressions on the left lung
cardiac notch and groove for aorta
88
what are the two impressions on the right lung
groove for azygos vein and groove for SVC

HSS305 Anatomy (20 decks)

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