Chapter 3: Tissues Flashcards by Taylor Brodie

Name the four types of tissue

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

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epithelial tissue…

covers body surface, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and tubes

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connective tissue…

protects and supports the body, its organs, and other tissue

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muscle tissue…

generates force needed for movement, associated with generating heat, breakdown and use of energy

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nervous tissue…

detects change in internal and external environment, activates changes within the body

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what are the defining characteristics of epithelial tissue

mostly cells bonded by specialized junctions and attached to basement membrane

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what are the functions of epithelial tissue

protection, diffusion, secretion, absorption

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aprical surface

free surface of cells; part of cells facing lumen, cavity or outside

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lateral

side of cell that faces adjacent cells

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basal

bottom of the cell, deep side

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basement membrane

point of attachment and support of the cell

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basement membranes also function to

slow the spread of disease

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extracellular

outside cell

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intercellular

in between cells

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intracellular

inside the cell

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nerve supply

contains nerve cells and endings can find inside epithelia tissue

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blood supply

epithelial is AVASCULAR and contains no blood supply

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how does epithelial tissue gets its oxygen?

diffusion

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name the three types of cell junctions

tight, gap, and desmosomes

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what are tight junctions?

contains the contents in the intercellular gap by creating a barrier between cells with adhesion proteins

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what are gap junctions

protein channels that attach to allow cell-to-cell communication

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whast are desmosomes

a junction with adhesion proteins that anchor deep into the cell so that it can undergo lots of force. Is supported by intermediate filaments.

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what are hemidesmosomes

junctions that attach cell to basement membrane through the basal surface

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simple epithelium

single layer of cells

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common simple epithelium properties

diffusion, filtration, secretion

stratified epithelium

multiple layers of cells

common stratified epithelium properties

protection, found were there is wear and tear

pseudostratified epithelium

appears to be layered but each cell touches the bottom basal layer

squamous epithelium properties and uses

flat, thin, for diffusion and protection

cuboidal epithelium properties and uses

blocks/cubes, secretion and absorption

columnar epithelium properties and uses

tall/rectangular, protect tissue, secretion, absorption

transitional epithelium properties and uses

changes between squamous and cuboidal to accommodate stretching. Can be seen because they have bubbly tops

what are the common tissues in glands

stratified cuboidal

name the two types of clands

endocrine and exocrine

exocrine galnds

always secrete to duct which goes to body surface or hallow cavity

name some examples of exocrine glands

oil, sweat, salivary, mammary

which glands do epithelial tissue lines the secreting area of

exocrine glands

connective tissue is made up of

cells and extracellular matrix

what is the extracellular matrix made of

protein fibers and ground substance

cells in connective tissue are

1. widely spaced | 2. dependent on the type of tissue and where it is found

cells that end with blast typically

are immature with the ability to divide and secrete to the extracellular matrix

cells that end in cyte typically

are mature cells that carry specific function, and have limited capacity for cell division

the ground substance of the extracellular matrix

can be either fluid, gelatinous, or calcified. They all support cell, bind to other cells, and can change properties of the cell

the three types of fibers in the extracellular matrix

collagen, elastic, and reticular

what is the function of the fibers in the extracellular matrix?

strenthen and support connective tissue

Collagen fibers are

strong, resist pulling but are still flexible. They are made of the protein collagen

Elastic fibers are

strong, branches, thin, flexible, and can returen to their original shape after stretching. They are made of the protein elastin

Reticular fibers are

branches, interwoven to provide support, and are made of the protein collagen

Name the five types of connective tissue

loose, dense, cartilage,osseous, and liquid

most loose connective tissue

has many cells and their fibers are loosely intertwined

name the three types of loose connective tissue

areolar, adipose, and reticular

areolar loose connective tissue

is the deep basement membrane of the epithelial tissue

adipose loose connective tissue is

deep to skin, store energy, filled with lipids, with few fibers

reticular loose connective tissue is

has many cells and supports organ framework with reticular fibers

most dense connective tissue

has less cells than loose ct, more fibers that can be regularly or irregularly arranged

the three types of dense connective tissue are

regular, irregular, or elastic

regular dense connective tissue

strongest tissue to planar direction of fibers, tendons, ligaments

irregular dense connective tissue

capsules of organs and dermis of cell, found in the dermis

elastic dense connective tissue

found in walls of blood vessels

cartilage consist of these types of fibers for strength

elastic and collagen

what is the ground substance of cartilage

chondroitin sulfate for resiliance

cells in the cartilage are

condrocytes and condroblast

the blood supply in carilage

there is none, which is not good for repair

the nerve supply in cartilage

there is none, so no pain or feeling in those areas

Name the three types of cartilage

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

what is the function of hyaline carilage

reduce friction and provide stiff support

where can you find hyaline cartilage

joints, ends of bones, end of nose, respiratory system, voicebox.

define fibrocartilage

strongest type, dense, many collagen fivers

give some examples of fibrocartilage

intravertretal discs, menisci (knee)

define elastic cartilage

highly flexible and resilient cartilage that has the ability to return to its original state

give an example of elastic cartilage

the external ear

osseous connective tissue is

bone

what type of cells make up osseous connective tissue

osteocytes

what are the two types of osseous connective tissue

compact and spongy

what are compact osseous connective tissue

extracellular matrix arranged in concentric rings

Chapter 3: Tissues Flashcards

(75 cards)